 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 44(10)(2015): 1371–1375
Fecundity, Fertility and Survival of Red Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) Larvae Reared on Sago Palm (Pembiakan, Kesuburan dan
Kelangsungan Hidup Larva Kumbang Palma Merah
(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
yang Dipelihara dengan Sagu)
YONG KAH WAI, AISYAH ABU BAKAR
& WAHIZATUL AFZAN AZMI*
RPW Research Group, School of Marine
Science and Environment
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030
Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman
Malaysia
Received: 1 September 2013/Accepted: 14
August 2015
ABSTRACT
Red palm weevil (RPW),
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus has been reported as a serious pest
of coconut, sago palm and date palm in many parts of the world.
In Malaysia, RPW
is a lethal pest of coconut in Terengganu and sago
palm in Sarawak. However, very limited information about the reproductive
performance of RPW is
available, specifically in Malaysia. In the present study, the reproductive
performance of RPW reared on sago palm (Metroxylon
sagu) were studied using nine pairs of virgin RPW under
laboratory conditions. The number of eggs laid and eggs viability
were recorded daily until females could not produce eggs. The total
number of eggs laid were 3081 and the average number of eggs deposited
by a female was 342.3+0.97
eggs (ranged from 270 to 396). The percentage of hatchability was
52.4% and out of the total 1614 hatched eggs, only 118 individuals
(7.3%) were survived until late instar. However, no significant
differences in fecundity, hatchability and total survived larvae
in different RPW pairs were observed. Females
longevity was found to be strongly influenced by the number of eggs
laid; the higher number of eggs laid, the shorter is the life span
of the female. This study is important to understand the biological
aspects of RPW,
as a first step to develop effective control strategy of the pest.
Keywords: Coconut pest; fecundity;
fertility; red palm weevil; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
ABSTRAK
Kumbang palma
merah (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus telah
dilaporkan sebagai perosak yang serius untuk kelapa, sagu dan kurma
di merata tempat di dunia. Di Malaysia, RPW merupakan perosak pembunuh untuk
kelapa di Terengganu dan sagu di Sarawak. Walau
bagaimanapun, tidak banyak maklumat tentang prestasi pembiakan RPW,
terutamanya di Malaysia. Kajian ini bertujuan
untuk mengkaji prestasi pembiakan RPW dengan menggunakan sembilan
pasang kumbang dewasa dara dalam keadaan makmal dengan dibekalkan
makanan sagu (Metroxylon sagu).
Bilangan telur direkodkan setiap hari sehingga
kumbang betina tidak dapat menghasilkan telur. Jumlah bilangan telur yang dihasilkan ialah 3081 dan purata bilangan
telur yang dihasilkan oleh setiap kumbang betina adalah 342.3+0.97
telur (antara 270 hingga 396). Peratus telur yang menetas
adalah 52.4% dan daripada 1614 telur yang menetas, hanya 118
ekor larva yang hidup sehingga instar terakhir. Walau
bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara pembiakan,
kesuburan dan larva yang hidup untuk setiap pasangan kumbang yang
diuji. Jangka hayat betina didapati sangat dipengaruhi oleh bilangan telur
yang dihasilkan; semakin banyak telur yang dihasilkan, semakin pendek
jangka hayat kumbang betina. Kajian ini sangat penting untuk
memahami aspek biologi RPW kerana ia merupakan langkah
pertama untuk membangunkan strategi kawalan perosak yang berkesan
terhadap kumbang perosak ini.
Kata kunci: Kesuburan;
kumbang palma merah; pembiakan; perosak kelapa; Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus
REFERENCES
Abraham, V.A., Al
Shuaibi, M.A., Faleiro, J.R., Abozuhairah, R.A. & Vidyasagar, P.S.P.V.
1998. An integrated
management approach for red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. A key pest of date palm in the Middle East. Agriculture
Science 3: 77-83.
Al-Ayedh, H. 2008. Evaluation of date
palm cultivar for the red date palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera,
Curculionidae). Florida. Entomologist 91(3): 353-358.
Aldhafer, H.M., Alahmadi, A.Z. &
Alsuhaibani, A.M. 1998. Biological studies on the red palm
weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. King Saud University Agricultural Research Center of Research Bulletin No.
75. p. 30.
Avand Faghih, A. 1996. The biology of red
palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
in Saravan region (Sistan and Balouchistan Province, Iran). Journal Applied
Entomology and Phytopathology 63: 16-18.
Bong, J.C.F., Er, C.C.,
Yiu, P.H. & Amartalingam, R. 2008. Growth performance of the red-stripe
weevil Rhynchophorus schach Oliv. (Insecta: Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) on meridic diets. American Journal
of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 3(1): 403-409.
Blumberg, D. 2008. Review: Date palm
arthropod pests and their management in Israel. Phytoparasitica 36(5):
411-448.
Calvo, D. & Molina, J.M. 2005.
Fecundity-body size relationship and other reproductive aspects of Streblote
panda (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). Annals of the Entomological Society
of America 98: 191-196.
Chapman, T., Miyatake,
T., Smith, H.K. & Partridge, L. 1998. Interactions of mating, egg production and death rates in
females of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Ceratitis capitata. Proceedings
of the Royal Society of London B 265: 1879- 1894.
Dembilio, O. & Jacas, J.A. 2012.
Bio-ecology and integrated management of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the region of Valencia (Spain). Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 5: 1-12
Department of
Agriculture (DOA). 2011. Report on current status of attack of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus in Terengganu. Government Press, Malaysia.
European and
Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). 2010. EPPO Reporting Service. 2010/176 -
First record of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in the USA, November 1.
Ferry, M. & Gomez, S. 2002. The red palm weevil in the Mediterranean area. Palms 46(4):
172-178.
Gunawardena, N.E. & Bandarage, U.K.
1995. 4-Methyl-5- nonanol (ferrugineol) as an aggregation pheromone of the
coconut pest, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae):
Synthesis and use in apreliminary field assay. Journal of the National
Science Council of Sri Lanka 23: 71-79.
Kaakeh, W. 2005. Longevity, fecundity, and fertility of
the red palm weevil, Rynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) on natural and artificial diets. Emirates Journal of
Agriculture Science 17(1): 23-33.
Leefmans, S. 1920. De Palmsnuitkever (Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus Oliv.). Mededelingen van het Instituut voor
Plantenziekten No. 43. Department van Landbouw, Nigverheld en Handel,
Batavia (ID) (in Dutch).
Li, L., Qin, W.Q., Ma, Z.L., Yan, W.,
Huang, S.C. & Peng, Z.Q. 2010. Effect of temperature on the population
growth of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on
sugarcane. Environmental Entomology 39: 999-1003.
Malumphy, C. & Moran, H. 2009. Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Plant
Pest Factsheet.http://www.fera.defra.gov.uk/plants/publications/documents/factsheets/
redpalmweevil.pdf.html. Accessed on 7 June 2011.
Murphy, S.T. & Briscoe, B.R. 1999.
The red palm weevil as an alien invasive: biology and the prospects for
biological control as a component of IPM. Biocontrol News and Information 20(1):
34-46.
Nurul Ain Aqilla, W.M. 2013. Protein profile
of digestive system from larvae of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus (Insecta : Coleoptera
: Curculionidae) reared on sago palm. Undergraduate
Thesis, Bachelor of Science (Biological Sciences), Faculty of Science
and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Unpublished).
Salama, H.S., Zaki, F.N. &
Abdel-Razek, A.S. 2009. Ecological and biological studies on the red palm
weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). Archives of
Phytopathology and Plant Protection 42: 392-399.
Sharaby, A. & Al-Dhafar, Z.M. 2013.
Successful laboratory culture for the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus
ferrugineus (Colioptera: Curculionidae) reared on semi-artificial diet. Journal
of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 3(5): 1-7.
Sivapragasam, A.,
Arikiah, A. & Ranjit, C.A. 1990. The red stripe weevil, Rhynchophorus schach Olivier
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae): An increasing menace to coconut palms in Hilir
Perak. Planter 66: 113-123.
Urbano, G. 2008. Il punteruolo rosso
delle palme: Aspetti biologici e danni. Citta
Nostra, Attualita VII(63): 24-25.
Wattanapongsiri, A.
1966. A revision of
the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Department of Agriculture Science, Bulletin 1, Bangkok,
Thailand. p. 328.
Wahizatul Afzan, A., Zazali, C., Abdul
Rahman, A.R. & Nurul Izzah, A.G. 2013. A new invasive coconut pest in
Malaysia: The red palm weevil (Curculionidae: Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). Planter 89(1043): 97-110.
Yanagi, S. & Miyatake,
T. 2003.
Costs of mating and egg production in female Callosobruchus chinensis.
Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 823-827.
*Corresponding author; email: wahizatul@umt.edu.my
|
|||
