Sains Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3481-3491

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-02

Carbon-Ion Beam Radiosensitivity Study and Biological Responses of High-Yielding Rice Line, MR219-PL-5

(Kajian Radiopekaan Sinar Ion Karbon dan Tindak Balas Biologi Titisan Padi Berhasil Tinggi, MR219-PL-5)

ASRAPIL WAITUL FIFIKA¹, ASMUNI MOHD IKMAL¹, AHMAD FAIZ², HASAN NOR’AISHAH³, HARUN ABDUL RAHIM², HUSSEIN SOBRI² & ABD AZIZ SHAMSUDIN NORAZIYAH¹*

¹Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan Kampus Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Received: 26 October 2020/Accepted: 14 April 2021

ABSTRACT

The carbon ion-beam has emerged as a novel physical mutagen for creating genetic variability and crop improvement. In this study, seeds of a high-yielding pyramided rice line MR219-PL-5 were exposed to carbon ion beam irradiation at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy. The radiosensitivity test was conducted to determine the optimum dose of carbon ion beam irradiation based on the lethal dose 50% (LD₅₀) using Sandwich Blotter Technique. The biological responses of carbon-ion beam irradiation were also observed in other characteristics such as germination rate (GeR), survival rate (SR), growth rate (GRoR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), seedling height (SH), days to flowering (DTF), fertility rate (FR) and thousand-grains weight (TGW). Based on the polynomial curve of SR graph, the lethal dose 50% (LD₅₀) value was 86.12 Gy. However, the optimum dose range of carbon ion-beam irradiation was between 40 and 60 Gy as these two doses recorded the highest SR, 63 and 67%, respectively. Furthermore, the shoulder dose in this study was 60 Gy since SR decreased significantly at higher doses. M₁ individuals irradiated at 40 and 60 Gy had the best biological responses where significant differences were found for SR, SL, RL, GRoR, SH, DTF and FR at these two doses compared to the other doses. Further studies on M₂ and M₃ populations could help to identify potential individuals as well as to understand the inheritance of each trait of interest from one generation to the next.

Keywords: Biological response; carbon-ion beam; mutation breeding; optimum dose; rice

ABSTRAK

Sinar ion karbon telah berkembang sebagai mutagen fizikal baru untuk mewujudkan kepelbagaian genetik dan penambahbaikan tanaman. Dalam kajian ini, biji benih titisan piramid padi MR219-PL-5 telah didedahkan kepada pancaran sinar ion karbon pada 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 dan 100 Gy. Ujian radiopekaan telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti dos optimum pancaran sinar ion karbon berdasarkan dos maut 50% (LD₅₀) menggunakan Teknik Sandwich Blotter. Tindak balas biologi pancaran sinar karbon ion juga diperhatikan bagi ciri-ciri seperti kadar percambahan (GeR), kadar kemandirian (SR), kadar pertumbuhan (GRoR), panjang pucuk (SL), panjang akar (RL), tinggi anak pokok (SH), bilangan hari berbunga (DTF), kadar kesuburan (FR) dan berat seribu-bijian (TGW). Berdasarkan graf polinomial SR, nilai dos maut 50% (LD₅₀) adalah pada 86.12 Gy. Walau bagaimanapun, julat dos optimum sinaran pancaran ion karbon dipilih pada dos antara 40 dan 60 Gy kerana kedua-dua dos ini masing-masing mencatatkan SR tertinggi, 63 dan 67%. Selanjutnya, dos bahu dalam kajian ini adalah 60 Gy kerana SR menurun dengan ketara pada dos yang lebih tinggi. Sejajar dengan hasil LD₅₀, individu M₁ yang disinari pada 40 dan 60 Gy mempunyai tindak balas biologi terbaik berdasarkan tindak balas biologi pada keturunan M₁ dengan perbezaan yang signifikan didapati untuk SR, SL, RL, GRoR, SH, DTF dan FR pada kedua-dua dos ini berbanding dengan dos-dos yang lain. Kajian lanjutan tentang populasi M₂ dan M₃ dapat membantu mengenal pasti individu mutan berpotensi dan memahami keterwarisan setiap ciri yang diingini daripada satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya.

Kata kunci: Alur ion karbon; biak baka mutasi; dos optimum; padi; tindak balas biologi

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*Corresponding author; email: nora_aziz@ukm.edu.my