Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2365-2375

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-03

 

Kepelbagaian Makroinvertebrat Bentik Di Sungai Jeriau, Bukit Fraser, Pahang, Malaysia

(Diversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Sungai Jeriau, Bukit Fraser, Pahang, Malaysia)

 

HASYA SHAZWANI HASNORAMRI, LAU HOR YUE & AHMAD, A.K.*

 

Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Received: 29 September 2021/ Accepted: 10 February 2022

 

Abstrak

Sungai Jeriau ialah sungai yang tidak terganggu oleh aktiviti antropogen dan dipercayai mempunyai kualiti air yang baik serta kepelbagaian biologi akuatik yang tinggi. Oleh itu suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menilai kualiti air dan kepelbagaian komuniti makroinvertebrat bentik di sungai tersebut serta mengenal pasti makroinvertebrat bentik yang berpotensi sebagai penunjuk biologi di ekosistem tanah tinggi. Persampelan telah dilakukan pada bulan April 2020 dan sebanyak sembilan stesen telah disampel yang mewakili Sungai Jeriau dan salah satu anak sungai yang bersambung dengan Sg. Jeriau. Makroinvertebrat bentik disampel menggunakan jaring Surber dan pengukuran in-situ kualiti air telah dilakukan untuk parameter kekonduksian, pepejal terlarut (TDS), pH, halaju air, suhu dan oksigen terlarut (DO) menggunakan meter YSI 885. Berdasarkan kepada piawaian kualiti air kebangsaan (NWQS), Sungai Jeriau didapati mempunyai kualiti air yang baik dan berada dalam kelas I untuk semua parameter yang dikaji. Ujian Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan kebanyakan parameter kualiti air berbeza dengan bermakna di antara stesen persampelan (p<0.05, α=0.05) kecuali parameter suhu. Sejumlah 3085 individu makroinvertebrat bentik yang terdiri daripada 1 filum, 2 kelas, 8 order dan 52 famili telah direkodkan di kawasan kajian. Kawasan kajian didominasi oleh famili Elmidae dan Scirtidae (Order:Coleoptera), Baetidae dan Heptageniidae (Order:Ephemeroptera), Hydropsychidae dan Perlidae (Order:Trichoptera)  diikuti oleh Tipulidae, Chironomidae dan Simulidae (Order:Diptera). Purata nilai Indeks Kepelbagaian Shannon (H’) adalah 2.56±0.17, Indeks Keseragaman Pielou (J) (0.76±0.09), Indeks Kekayaan Margalef, DMg (4.99±1.72) dan Indeks Reciprocal Berger-Parker (4.54±1.51) yang menunjukkan kualiti ekosistem di antara sederhana tertekan dan baik. Nilai kepelbagaian Shannon rendah disebabkan oleh pendominasian oleh beberapa famili seperti di atas dan pengiraan dilakukan pada aras hirarki taksonomi yang tinggi iaitu famili. Variasi kelimpahan makroinvertebrat bentik di kawasan kajian adalah besar iaitu lebih daripada 70%, dan ujian CCA menunjukkan kekonduksian, suhu dan oksigen terlarut mempunyai pengaruh terhadap famili Elmidae, Chironomidae dan Baetidae. Ujian Monte Carlo menunjukkan terdapat variasi yang signifikan pada paksi–1 CCA (p<0.05) bagi parameter kekonduksian dan oksigen terlarut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan Sg. Jeriau menampung kepelbagaian yang tinggi dan famili Elmidae, Chironomidae dan Baetidae berpotensi sebagai penunjuk biologi ekosistem sungai tanah tinggi.

 

Kata kunci: Ekosistem sungai; indeks kepelbagaian; pemonitoran biologi

 

Abstract

Sungai Jeriau is a pristine river and is not significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. This river is therefore predicted to have good water quality and support high aquatic diversity. A study was undertaken to determine the water quality status and benthic macroinvertebrate diversity as well as to identify potential benthic macroinvertebrates as biological indicators of highland ecosystems. Sampling was undertaken in April of 2020 and nine sampling stations were sampled to represent Sg. Jeriau and one of its tributaries. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled using a Surber sampler and in-situ measurements were undertaken for water conductivity, dissolved solids, pH, river velocity, river water temperature and dissolved oxygen using YSI 885 meter. In regard to the National Water Quality Standard (NWQS), Sg. Jeriau is in good shape and classified as Class I based on every parameter. A Kurskal-Wallis test demonstrated that the majority of water quality values between stations differ significantly (p<0.05, α=0.05) except water temperature, which was constant between stations. A total of 3085 benthic macroinvertebrates that consists of 1 phylum, 2 classes, 8 orders and 52 families were recorded. The studied river was dominated by Elmidae and Scirtidae (Order: Coleoptera), Baetidae and Heptangeniidae (order: Ephemeroptera), Hydropsychidae and Perlidae (order: Trichoptera) followed by Tipulidae, Chironomidae and Simulidae (order: Diptera). Shannon diversity index average was 2.56±0.17. Pielou evenness index (0.76±0.09), Margalef richness index (4.99±1.72) and reciprocal Berger-Parker index (4.54±1.51) indicated that the ecosystem was between fair to good quality. The Shannon diversity value was slightly low due to a high dominance by the above-mentioned families as well as calculations made at the family level. Benthic invertebrates exhibited high variation (70%) and CCA analysis demonstrated that conductivity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen had significant influence on Elmidae, Chironomidae and Baetidae. Monte Carlo tests exhibited significant variation in axis 1 of the CCA analysis (p.0.05) for conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These results demonstrates that Sg. Jeriau supports high Elmidae, Chironomidae and Baetidae and these families have high potential as good biological indicators for highland ecosystems.

 

Keywords: Biological monitoring; diversity index; river ecosystem

 

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*Corresponding author; email: abas@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

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