Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 2829-2842

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-08

 

Edible Bird’s Nest, a Valuable Glycoprotein Source: Current Research Prospects and Challenges in Malaysia

(Sarang Burung Walit, Punca Glikoprotein Bernilai Tinggi: Prospek Penyelidikan dan Cabaran Semasa di Malaysia)

 

KEVSER IRFAN UNAL1, LEE SIN CHANG1,3, WAN AIDA WAN MUSTAPHA1,2, NOORUL SYUHADA MOHD RAZALI1,2, ABDUL SALAM BABJI1,2 & SENG JOE LIM1,2*

 

1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

3Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Received: 6 January 2022/Accepted: 14 April 2022

 

Abstract

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a salivary secretion of swiftlets which consist of protein and carbohydrate rich glycoproteins. This natural ingredient is very valuable, nutritional and medically valuable. The EBN industry have grown rapidly and benefited the Malaysian economy, hence, it is viewed seriously and it is actively supported by the government. This review discusses the progress and development of EBN industry as well as the R&D activities and endeavours especially that which involves deriving peptides with biological activities from EBN and its by-product sources. Many studies have documented the therapeutic properties of EBN such as antiaging, antiviral, antioxidant, and antihypertensive. Studies have also been conducted to produce glycoprotein hydrolysates from EBN through enzymatic hydrolysis, and findings showed that these bioactive peptides increase solubility as well as antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Enzymatic hydrolysis breaks long protein chains at specific sites and releases amino acids and small peptides with lower molecular weights. The EBN hydrolysates produced can improve bioactivity and overcome insolubility and low absorption of EBN prepared and consumed through traditional means. Further studies need to be carried out to optimise EBN glycoprotein hydrolysates production as well as maximising their bioavailability and efficacy in the human gastrointestinal system. In addition, EBN by-products produced during EBN cleaning process should be fully utilised to recover the high-value glycoproteins, while reducing pollution and wastage. By enhancing R&D activities of EBN, bioactive glycopeptides produced from EBN may become an important functional food ingredient for various uses and innovative value-added products in the future.

 

Keywords: Bioactive peptides; edible bird’s nest; glycoprotein; hydrolysis; value-added product

 

Abstrak

Sarang burung walit (SBW) adalah rembesan air liur burung walit yang terdiri daripada glikoprotein yang kaya dengan protein dan karbohidrat. Bahan semula jadi ini sangat berharga, berkhasiat dan mempunyai nilai perubatan. Perusahaan industri SBW telah berkembang pesat dan menguntungkan ekonomi Malaysia, justeru, ia dipandang serius dan disokong secara aktif oleh kerajaan. Ulasan ini membincangkan tentang pengembangan dan pembangunan industri SBW serta aktiviti dan usaha R&D terutamanya yang melibatkan penghasilan peptida dengan aktiviti biologi daripada SBW dan produk sampingannya. Pelbagai kajian telah mendokumentasikan sifat terapeutik SBW seperti antipenuaan, antivirus, antioksida dan antihipertensi. Banyak kajian juga telah dijalankan untuk menghasilkan hidrolisat glikoprotein daripada SBW melalui hidrolisis enzim dan hasil kajian mendapati bahawa peptida bioaktif ini meningkatkan kadar keterlarutan serta aktiviti antioksida dan antihipertensi. Hidrolisis enzim memecahkan rantai protein yang panjang di tapak yang khusus dan membebaskan asid amino dan peptida kecil dengan berat molekul yang lebih rendah. Hidrolisat SBW yang terhasil dapat meningkatkan bioaktiviti dan mengatasi masalah ketidaklarutan dan penyerapan SBW yang rendah dalam kaedah penyediaan dan pengambilan SBW secara tradisi. Kajian selanjutnya harus dijalankan untuk mengoptimumkan proses penghasilan hidrolisat glikoprotein SBW serta memaksimumkan bioketersediaan dan keberkesanannya pada sistem gastrousus manusia. Selain itu, produk sampingan EBN yang terhasil sewaktu proses pembersihan harus dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya untuk memperoleh semula glikoprotein bernilai tinggi, sekaligus mengurangkan pencemaran dan pembaziran. Dalam usaha mempergiat aktiviti R&D SBW, glikopeptida bioaktif yang dihasilkan daripada SBW boleh menjadi bahan makanan berfungsi yang penting untuk pelbagai kegunaan dan produk nilai tambah yang inovatif pada masa hadapan.

 

Kata kunci: Glikoprotein; hidrolisis; peptida bioaktif; produk nilai tambah; sarang burung walit

 

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*Corresponding author; email: joe@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

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