Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 165-174

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-13

FTIR-Based Metabolomics for Characterization of Antioxidant Activity of Different Parts of Sesbania grandiflora Plant

(Metabolomik Berasaskan FTIR untuk Pencirian Aktiviti Antioksidan Bahagian Berbeza Tumbuhan Sesbania grandiflora)

NOVIANY NOVIANY^1,*, M. HANIF AMRULLOH¹, MOHAMAD RAFI², BAMBANG IRAWAN³, WISNU ANANTA KUSUMA⁴, SUTOPO HADI¹, R. SUPRIYANTO¹, RISA NOFIANI⁵, M. HAZWAN HUSSIN⁶ & SURIPTO DWI YUWONO¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Lampung, Indonesia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia

³Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, 35145, Lampung, Indonesia

⁴Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, West Java, Indonesia

⁵Department of Chemistry, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak, 78124 Indonesia

⁶School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

Received: 12 December 2021/Accepted: 29 September 2022

Abstract

Sesbania grandiflora, one of the flowering plants with great potential as a source of natural antioxidants because it contains chemicals such as tannin, phenolics, and flavonoids. However, there has been no extensive investigation on the antioxidant activity of isolated from different parts of this plant.  This study aims to investigate the correlation between antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites extracted from three different parts (leaves, stem barks, and roots) of S. grandiflora plant using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based metabolomics approach. The FTIR is a very useful technique for identifying the functional groups present in the mixtures, while antioxidant assay provides the base to select the part of the plant as the most potential source of antioxidant. The antioxidant properties were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and potassium ferricyanide reduction method. The multivariate data - analyses using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square (PLS) were conducted to compare the distribution of metabolites extracted from different parts of the S. grandiflora plant investigated. The PLS was performed to evaluate the relationship between the components of the extracts obtained from different parts of the plant and their antioxidant activities. The results exhibited that antioxidant activities of the extract of the stem barks, and roots are higher than that of the extract of the leaves. Also, the PLS model indicated that the functional group absorption data were significantly correlated with the IC₅₀ values of antioxidant activity. Subsequently, based on the results of PLS ​​analysis displayed that C=C, C=O, and along with C-O functional groups are proposed as the main contributors to the antioxidant activity of the extracts tested. The extracts of different parts were grouped using PCA analysis with a total of principal components (PC) of 94%.

Keywords: Antioxidant property; metabolomics approach; secondary metabolites; Sesbania grandiflora

Abstrak

Sesbania grandiflora, salah satu tumbuhan berbunga yang berpotensi besar sebagai sumber antioksidan semula jadi kerana mengandungi bahan kimia seperti tanin, fenol dan flavonoid. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada kajian meluas mengenai aktiviti antioksidan terpencil daripada bahagian berlainan tumbuhan ini. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji korelasi antara aktiviti antioksidan dan metabolit sekunder yang diekstrak daripada tiga bahagian berbeza (daun, kulit batang dan akar) tumbuhan S. grandiflora menggunakan pendekatan metabolomik berasaskan spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR). FTIR ialah teknik yang sangat berguna untuk mengenal pasti kumpulan berfungsi yang terdapat dalam campuran, manakala ujian antioksidan menyediakan asas untuk memilih bahagian tumbuhan sebagai sumber antioksidan yang paling berpotensi. Sifat antioksidan telah ditentukan menggunakan 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), asid 2,2'-azino-bis-3-etilbenztiazolina-6-sulfonik (ABTS) dan kaedah pengurangan kalium feriksianida. Data multivariat - Analisis menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA) dan Kuasa Dua Terkecil Separa (PLS) telah dijalankan untuk membandingkan taburan metabolit yang diekstrak daripada bahagian berlainan tumbuhan S. grandiflora yang dikaji. PLS dijalankan untuk menilai hubungan antara komponen ekstrak yang diperoleh daripada bahagian tumbuhan yang berlainan dan aktiviti antioksidannya. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak kulit batang dan akar adalah lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak daun. Juga, model PLS menunjukkan bahawa data penyerapan kumpulan berfungsi secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan nilai IC₅₀ aktiviti antioksidan. Selepas itu, berdasarkan keputusan analisis PLS menunjukkan bahawa C=C, C=O dan bersama-sama dengan kumpulan berfungsi C-O dicadangkan sebagai penyumbang utama kepada aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak yang diuji. Ekstrak bahagian yang berbeza dikumpulkan menggunakan analisis PCA dengan jumlah komponen utama (PC) sebanyak 94%.

Kata kunci: Metabolit sekunder; pendekatan metabolomik; Sesbania grandiflora; sifat antioksidan

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^*Corresponding author; email: noviany@fmipa.unila.ac.id