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Coral Reef and Associated Habitat Mapping Using ALOS Satellite Imagery (Pemetaan
Terumbu Karang dan Habitat Persekitarannya Menggunakan Imej Satelit ALOS)
M.A. MUSTAPHA1,2*, T. LIHAN1 & L.I. KHALID1
1School of Environmental and
Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Research
Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
11 Mac 2013/Diterima: 8 Januari 2014
ABSTRACT
Coral reefs are rich
in biodiversity and ecosystem services. However increase in degradation are
still occurring at an alarming rate. In management of this ecosystem,
determination of its spatial distribution is of importance. Satellite imageries
can be used to map distribution extent using spectral characteristics which is
a fundamental parameter in mapping. The aims of this study were to determine
the spectral characteristics of corals and associated habitats and to map its
spatial distribution using 2009 ALOS advanced
visible and near infrared radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2)
satellite imagery. Results indicated that coral and habitats surrounding the
area display variation in the spectral characteristics magnitude but displays
similar spectral curve. Spectral characteristics from the corals and
surrounding habitats were determined by presence of benthic microalgae and
calcium carbonate. Maximum likelihood classification on the image produced five
main classes. Spatial distribution of coral and associated habitats indicated
five main zones which are sandy shore zone, sandy intertidal zone, seagrass
zone, coral/submerged sandy zone and rocky zone. Distribution of live corals
indicated coverage of 0.54 km2,
sea grass (0.94 km2),
sandy bottom (1.31 km2)
and rocky shores (0.19 km2).
The results of this study indicated that ALOS satellite
data was able to determine variation in spectral characteristics of coral reefs
and other habitats thus is capable of mapping the ecosystems spatial
distribution.
Keywords: ALOS satellite imagery;
mapping; reef habitat; spatial distribution; spectral characteristics
ABSTRAK
Terumbu karang
merupakan ekosistem yang kaya dengan kepelbagaian biologi. Walau bagaimanapun
degradasi ekosistem ini semakin meningkat. Penentuan taburan reruang ekosistem
ini amat penting dalam membantu pengurusan. Data satelit berupaya memetakan
taburan menggunakan ciri spektrum yang merupakan parameter asas dalam pemetaan.
Objektif kajian ini adalah penentuan ciri spektrum karang dan habitat
persekitarannya dan memeta taburan reruangnya menggunakan imej satelit ALOS (kemaraan ketara dan
inframerah dekat radiometer jenis 2 (AVNIR-2)
tahun 2009. Hasil menunjukkan karang dan habitat persekitarannya mempunyai
variasi dalam magnitud spektrum tetapi mempunyai lekuk spektrum yang sama. Ciri
spektrum karang dan habitat persekitarannya ditentukan oleh kehadiran mikroalga
bentik dan kalsium karbonat. Pengelasan kebolehjadian maksimum ke atas imej
menghasilkan sejumlah lima kelas. Taburan reruang karang dan habitat
persekitarannya menunjukkan lima zon utama iaitu zon pantai berpasir, zon
pasang surut berpasir, zon rumput laut, zon karang berpasir dan zon berbatu.
Taburan karang hidup meliputi 0.54 km2,
rumput laut (0.94 km2),
habitat berpasir (1.31 km2)
dan pantai berbatu (0.19 km2).
Hasil kajian menunjukkan satelit ALOS berupaya
menentukan variasi ciri spektrum terumbu karang dan habitat persekitarannya,
dengan itu berpotensi digunakan dalam pemetaan taburan reruang ekosistem
terumbu karang.
Kata kunci: Ciri spektrum; habitat karang; imej satelit ALOS;
pemetaan; taburan reruang
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: muzz@ukm.edu.my
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