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Sains Malaysiana 45(4)(2016): 589–594 Bacillus thuringiensis
Entomotoxicity
Activity in Wastewater Sludge-Culture Medium towards Bactrocera
dorsalis and their Histopathological Assessment (Aktiviti Entomotoksisiti
Bacillus thuringiensis dalam Medium Air Sisa Kultur Enap
Cemar ke arah Bactrocera
dorsalis dan Penilaian Histopatologinya) MONA
FATIN
SYAZWANEE
M.G.,
NOORMASSHELA
U.A.,
NOR
AZWADY
A.A.,
RUSEA
G.
& MUSKHAZLI M.* Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400
Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan:
1 April 2014/Diterima: 30 Oktober 2015 ABSTRACT This study investigates
the production of biopesticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis activity in culture media supplemented
with semi-solid wastewater sludge as one of the raw ingredient.
A series of testing using mixture of sludge and source of protein
as B. thuringiensis growth media were carried out and selection
of media was based on viable spore count. The entomotoxicity test
of B. thuringiensis was carried out against larvae of fruit
fly using diet incorporation method. Further impact of entomotoxicity
was observed based on histology deformities on columnar epithelial
cell and goblet cell of the midgut. A mixture of sludge with 60%
wheat bran produced up to 1.64 × 1010 CFU/mL
of viable spore count within 10 days of incubation. Based on entomotoxicity
test, incorporation of 12 mL of semi-solid wastewater sludge-culture
media into fruit fly artificial diet caused the highest fruit
fly mortality at 64.8%. The value of semi-solid wastewater sludge-culture
media concentration for LC50 was
determined at 8.43%. Effect of entomotoxicity can be seen started
from 3rd instar larvae where histopathological studies showed
that up to 10% of columnar epithelial cells in the intestine were
swollen and severe reduction of goblet cell’s size. Thus, it decreases
the survivality of the fruit fly larvae. The present study indicated
that semi-solid wastewater sludge has the potential to enhance
B. thuringiensis entomotoxicity activity. Keywords: Diet; goblet
cell; histopathology; lumen; semi solid; wheat bran ABSTRAK Penyelidikan
ini mengkaji pengeluaran biopestisid berdasarkan aktiviti Bacillus
thuringiensis dalam kultur media yang ditambah dengan enap
cemar air sisa separa pepejal sebagai salah satu bahan mentah.
Siri ujian menggunakan campuran enap cemar dan sumber protein
seperti media pertumbuhan B. thuringiensis telah dijalankan
dan pemilihan media adalah berdasarkan kiraan spora berdaya maju.
Ujian entomotoksisiti B. thuringiensis telah dijalankan
terhadap larva lalat buah menggunakan kaedah penggabungan diet.
Satu kesan daripada entomotoksisiti diperhatikan berdasarkan histologi
kecacatan sel epitelium turus dan sel goblet daripada perut tengah
ini. Campuran enap cemar dengan bran gandum 60% dihasilkan sehingga
1.64 × 1010 CFU/mL
kiraan spora berdaya maju dalam tempoh 10 hari dari inkubator.
Berdasarkan ujian entomotoksisiti, penubuhan 12 mL media kultur
air sisa enap cemar separa pepejal ke dalam diet tiruan lalat
buah disebabkan kematian lalat buah yang tertinggi sebanyak 64.8%.
Nilai kepekatan kultur media separa pepejal buangan enap cemar
PL50 telah
ditentukan pada 8.43%. Kesan entomotoksisiti boleh dilihat bermula
daripada tiga instar larva dengan kajian histopatologi menunjukkan
bahawa sehingga 10% daripada sel-sel epitelium turus dalam usus
telah bengkak dan pengurangan saiz sel goblet yang ketara. Oleh
itu, ia mengurangkan kemandirian untuk larva lalat buah. Kajian
ini menunjukkan bahawa air sisa enap cemar separa pepejal mempunyai
potensi untuk meningkatkan aktiviti entomotoksisiti B. thuringiensis. Kata kunci: Dedak gandum; diet; histopatologi; lumen; sel goblet;
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Technology 97: 1850-1857. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: muskhazli@upm.edu.my
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