Sains Malaysiana 49(7)(2020): 1533-1542

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-06

 

Effects of Humic Acids from Different Sources on Sodium and Micronutrient Levels in Corn Plants

(Kesan Asid Humik daripada Punca yang Berbeza ke atas Natrium dan Paras Mikronutrien dalam Tumbuhan Jagung)

 

AYHAN HORUZ*

 

Agriculture Faculty, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ondokuzmayıs University, Samsun, 55139, Turkey

 

Diserahkan: 10 Mei 2019/Diterima: 4 Mac 2020

 

ABSTRACT

The use of activated humic acids (HAs) in agricultural applications is a relatively recent development. Corn (Zea mays L.) is a major food and silage crop in Turkey and yields are reduced in calcareous soils by sodium (Na) toxicity and carbonate (CO3) induced deficiencies of some micronutrients. In this study, the effects of two HAs extracted using the wet-alkali technique and activated with nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) gases, on the Na and micronutrient (iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and boron (B)) concentrations in the homogenised stems and leaves of corn plants were investigated. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2 HA types × 2 fertilisation regimes × 5 HA concentrations), with three repetitions, in a calcareous soil in pots in a greenhouse. The humic acid was applied at 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of soil before sowing the corn seed. The variance analysis showed that increasing HA levels decreased the Na concentration in the corn plants. The lowest plant Na concentrations were obtained with the addition of HA activated with N2 and O2 to both the fertilised and unfertilised treatments. The highest Zn and Cu uptakes, and Fe, Mn, and B uptakes, were associated with wet alkali extraction and gas activation, respectively. Overall, HA extracted with N2/O2 was more effective under unfertilised conditions and wet extracted HA was more effective under fertilised conditions.

Keywords: Corn; humic acids; microelements; sodium

 

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan asid humik diaktifkan (HAs) dalam aplikasi pertanian merupakan pembangunan terbaharu. Jagung (Zea mays L.) ialah makanan utama dan tanaman silaj di Turki dan penghasilannya telah berkurang dalam media tanah berkapur disebabkan oleh ketoksikan natrium (Na) dan karbonat (CO3) dengan kekurangan mikronutrien di dalam media tanah teraruh. Dalam kajian ini, kesan penggunaan dua HA yang diekstraks menggunakan teknik basah-alkali dan diaktif dengan gas N2 dan O2 telah dikaji ke atas kepekatan Na dan mikronutrien (besi (Fe), mangan (Mn), zink (Zn), tembaga (Cu) dan boron (B)) dalam batang dan daun tumbuhan jagung terhomogen. Reka bentuk uji kaji ini dijalankan sepenuhnya secara rawak dengan susunan faktorial (2 jenis HA × 2 regim persenyawaan × 5 kepekatan HA), dengan tiga ulangan, di dalam tanah berkapur di dalam pasu di rumah hijau. Asid humik diaplikasikan pada 100, 200, 400 dan 800 mg/kg tanah sebelum penyemaian benih jagung. Analisis varians menunjukkan bahawa peningkatan tahap HA akan menurunkan kepekatan Na dalam tanaman jagung. Kepekatan Na yang terendah di dalam tanaman telah diperoleh dengan penambahan HA yang diaktifkan dengan N2 dan O2 untuk kedua-dua rawatan yang telah disenyawakan dan tidak disenyawakan. Pengambilan tertinggi Zn dan Cu, serta pengambilan Fe, Mn dan B, masing-masing dikaitkan dengan pengekstrakan alkali basah dan pengaktifan gas. Secara keseluruhannya, HA yang diekstrak dengan N2/O2 lebih berkesan di bawah keadaan yang tidak tersenyawa dan HA yang diekstrak secara basah adalah lebih berkesan di bawah keadaan yang tersenyawa.

Kata kunci: Asid humik; jagung; mikrounsur; natrium

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ayhanh@omu.edu.tr

 

 

 

 

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