Sains Malaysiana 49(7)(2020): 1669-1686

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-18

 

Organic Extracts of Asian Plants Potentially Support Thrombolysis in Varied BMI Groups

(Ekstrak Organik Tumbuhan Asia Berpotensi Menyokong Trombolisis dalam Kumpulan BMI Berbeza)

 

MD. IMTIAZUL KABIR1,2, MD. MOMINUR RAHMAN2, MD. ATIAR RAHMAN3*, A.T.M. MOSTAFA KAMAL2, MD. ADNAN2,4, REEDWAN BIN ZAFAR AUNIQ2,5, MD. NAZIM UDDIN CHY2, MD. MEHEDI HASAN2, MD. AREEFUL HAQUE2,6, M. MOSHAREF HOSSAIN BHUIYAN7, DINA HAJJAR8, ARWA A. MAKKI8 & WALLA ALELWANI8

 

1Department of Pharmaceutical Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007, United States of America

 

2Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh

 

3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh

 

4College of Biomedical Science, Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea

 

5School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 8016, Thailand

 

6Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

7Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh

 

8Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 80203, Saudi Arabia

 

Diserahkan: 10 September 2019/Diterima: 23 Mac 2020

 

ABSTRACT

A number of plant-derived drugs have been prescribed for treating atherothrombotic disorders such as myocardial or cerebral infarction. Therefore, this study investigated the individual and combined antithrombotic effects of six Asian plants on individuals with various BMIs. Venous blood drawn from healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots and treated with six organic fractions of Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne, Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Syzygium operculatum L., Lantana camara L., and Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. using the clot-lysis method. The weight of the clot before and after treatment provided the percentage of clot lysis. Variations in clot lysis in different BMI groups were assessed. A. ilicifolius induced the most thrombolytic activity, whereas L. camara showed slightly lower thrombolytic activity. The maximum clot-lysis activity was primarily observed in different fractions of O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, and A. ilicifolius. However, chloroform fractions of all plants except O. harrisana and L. camara showed maximum activity in individual plants. O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, L. camara, and A. ilicifolius showed the highest significant (P < 0.5 and P < 0.001) clot-lysis activity viz., 46.60±0.79% (ethyl acetate), 55.40±1.023% (chloroform), 48.86±1.35% (CCl4), 44.89±1.76% (chloroform), 29.17±1.12% (ethanol), and 56.318±1.64% (chloroform). Obtained results were verified by ligand-receptor interaction through in silico approach. In conclusion, H. cordifolia, E. alba, and A. ilicifolius demonstrated promising thrombolytic effects; therefore, it is recommended that they be studied further for their therapeutic potential.

Keywords: A. ilicifolius; E. alba; H. cordifolia; streptokinase; thrombolysis

 

ABSTRAK

Terdapat beberapa jenis ubat yang berasal daripada tumbuhan telah ditetapkan penggunaannya untuk merawat gangguan aterotrombotik seperti infarksi miokardium atau serebrum. Oleh itu, kajian ini mengkaji kesan aterotrombotik daripada enam jenis tumbuhan Asia individu dan gabungan terhadap individu dengan nilai BMIs yang bervariasi. Darah vena yang diambil daripada sukarelawan yang sihat dibenarkan untuk membentuk bekuan darah dan dirawat dengan enam pecahan organik iaitu Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne, Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Syzygium operculatum L., Lantana camara L. dan Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. dengan menggunakan kaedah lisis bekuan. Berat bekuan sebelum dan selepas rawatan memberi peratusan lisis bekuan. Variasi dalam lisis bekuan dalam kumpulan BMI yang berbeza telah dikaji. Aktiviti trombolitik paling tinggi telah teraruh daripada A. ilicifolius, manakala L. camara menunjukkan aktiviti trombolitik yang sedikit rendah. Aktiviti maksimum lisis bekuan diperhati terutama sekali dalam pecahan yang berbeza daripada O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum dan A. ilicifolius. Namun, pecahan kloroform daripada semua tumbuhan selain daripada O. harrisana dan L. camara menunjukkan aktiviti maksimum dalam tumbuhan individu. O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, L. camara  dan A. ilicifolius menunjukkan nilai ketara tertinggi (P < 0.5 dan P < 0.001) aktiviti lisis bekuan viz., 46.60±0.79% (etil asetat), 55.40±1.023% (kloroform), 48.86±1.35% (CCl4), 44.89±1.76% (kloroform), 29.17±1.12% (etanol)  dan 56.318±1.64% (kloroform). Keputusan yang diperoleh disahkan oleh interaksi ligan-reseptor melalui pendekatan in silico. Kesimpulannya, H. cordifolia, E. alba dan A. ilicifolius menunjukkan kesan trombolitik yang berpotensi: Oleh itu, adalah disarankan ia dikaji dengan lebih lanjut untuk potensi terapeutiknya.

Kata kunci: A. ilicifolius; E. alba; H. cordifolia; streptokinase; trombolisis

 

RUJUKAN

Agarwal, M., Srivastava, V., Saxena, K. & Kumar, A. 2006. Hepatoprotective activity of beta vulgaris against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats. Fitoterapia 77(2): 91-93.

Ali, M.S., Amin, M.R., Kamal, C.M.I. & Hossain, M.A. 2013. In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic activities and phytochemical evaluation of methanol extract of the Philippense  leaves. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3(6): 464-469.

Berkovitch, A., Kivity, S., Klempfner, R., Segev, S., Milwidsky, A., Erez, A., Sabbag, A., Goldenberg, I., Sidi, Y. & Maor, E. 2016. Body mass index and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in middle-aged adults. American Heart Journal 173: 41-48.

Berman, H.M., Westbrook, J., Feng, Z., Gilliland, G., Bhat, T., Weissig, H., Shindyalov, I.N. & Bourne, P.E. 2000. The protein data bank. Nucleic Acids Research 28(1): 235-242.

Bhaskar, A. & Samant, L.R. 2012. Traditional medication of pachamalai hills, Tamilnadu, India. Global Journal of Pharmacology 6(1): 47-51.

Braunwald, E., Kasper, D.L., Hauser, S.L., Longo, D.L., Jameson, J.L. & Loscalzo, J. 2001. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Briggs, W.H., Folts, J.D., Osman, H.E. & Goldman, I.L. 2001. Administration of raw onion inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis in dogs. The Journal of Nutrition 131(10): 2619-2622.

Chaudhary, P., Goel, B. & Ghosh, A.K. 2012. Antidiabetic activity of adina cordifolia (roxb) leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(3): S1630-S1632.

Emran, T.B., Rahman, M.A., Uddin, M.M.N., Rahman, M.M., Uddin, M.Z., Dash, R. & Layzu, C. 2015. Effects of organic extracts and their different fractions of five bangladeshi plants on in vitro thrombolysis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 15(1): 128.

Friesner, R.A., Murphy, R.B., Repasky, M.P., Frye, L.L., Greenwood, J.R., Halgren, T.A., Sanschagrin, P.C. & Mainz, D.T. 2006. Extra precision glide: Docking and scoring incorporating a model of hydrophobic enclosure for protein-ligand complexes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 49(21): 6177-6196.

Friesner, R.A., Banks, J.L., Murphy, R.B., Halgren, T.A., Klicic, J.J., Mainz, D.T., Repasky, M.P., Knoll, E.H., Shelley, M. & Perry, J.K. 2004. Glide: A new approach for rapid, accurate docking and scoring. 1. Method and assessment of docking accuracy. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 47(7): 1739-1749.

Hussain, K., Nisar, M.F., Majeed, A., Nawaz, K. & Bhatti, K.H. 2010. Ethnomedicinal survey for important plants of Jalalpur Jattan, district Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets14: 807-825.

Iqbal, P.F., Bhat, A.R. & Azam, A. 2009. Antiamoebic coumarins from the root bark of Adina cordifolia and their new thiosemicarbazone derivatives. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44(5): 2252-2259.

Jain, A.P., Pawar, R.S. & Singhai, A. 2006. Antiinflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of adina cordifolia bark. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine 10: 204-210.

James, A.H. 2009. Venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 29(3): 326-331.

Kaushik, V., Parcha, V. & Khosa, R.L. 2009. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Haldina cordifolia bark extracts. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20: 126-130.

Kumar, A. & Cannon, C.P. 2009. Acute coronary syndromes: Diagnosis and management, Part I. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. pp. 917-938.

Kumar, V. & Singh, P. 2014. Ethnomedicinal plants used as antidote for snake-bite and scorpion-sting in bundelkhand (up), india. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 8(1): 52-55.

Kupchan, S.M., Tsou, G. & Sigel, C.W. 1973. Datiscacin, a novel cytotoxic cucurbitacin 20-acetate from Datisca glomerata. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 38(7): 1420-1421.

Leta, G.C., Mourão, P.A. & Tovar, A.M. 2002. Human venous and arterial glycosaminoglycans have similar affinity for plasma low-density lipoproteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease 1586(3): 243-253.

Navarro-Núñez, L., Lozano, M., Palomo, M., Martinez, C., Vicente, V., Castillo, J., Benavente-García, O., Diaz-Ricart, M., Escolar, G. & Rivera, J. 2008. Apigenin inhibits platelet adhesion and thrombus formation and synergizes with aspirin in the suppression of the arachidonic acid pathway. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(9): 2970-2976.

Neeraja, P. & Margaret, E. 2012. Eclipta alba (l.) hassk: A valuable medicinal herb. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 2: 188-197.

Parry, M.A., Zhang, X.C. & Bode, W. 2000. Molecular mechanisms of plasminogen activation: Bacterial cofactors provide clues. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 25(2): 53-59.

Prasad, S., Kashyap, R.S., Deopujari, J.Y., Purohit, H.J., Taori, G.M. & Daginawala, H.F. 2006. Development of an in vitro model to study clot lysis activity of thrombolytic drugs. Thrombosis Journal 4(1): 14.

Rahman, M.A., Sultana, R., Emran, T.B., Islam, M.S., Rahman, M.A., Chakma, J.S., Rashid, H.U. & Hasan, C.M.M. 2013. Effects of organic extracts of six Bangladeshi plants on in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13(1): 25.

Rajapakse, N., Jung, W.K., Mendis, E., Moon, S.H. & Kim, S.K. 2005. A novel anticoagulant purified from fish protein hydrolysate inhibits factor xiia and platelet aggregation. Life Sciences 76(22): 2607-2619.

Sangameswaran, B. & Saluja, M. 2012. Anticancer activity of Adina cordifolia against ehrlich ascites carcinoma (eac) in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 5: 7-16.

Torres-Urrutia, C., Guzman, L., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., Moore-Carrasco, R., Alarcon, M., Astudillo, L., Gutierrez, M., Carrasco, G., Yuri, J.A. & Aranda, E. 2011. Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity in vitro of extracts from selected fruits and vegetables. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis 22(3): 197-205.

Upadhyay, R., Pandey, M., Jha, R. & Pandey, V. 2001. Eclalbatin, a triterpene saponin from Eclipta alba. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 3(3): 213-217.

Verstraete, M. 2000. Third-generation thrombolytic drugs. The American Journal of Medicine 109(1): 52-58.

Vietti Violi, N., Fournier, N., Duran, R., Schmidt, S., Bize, P., Guiu, B. & Denys, A. 2014. Acute mesenteric vein thrombosis: Factors associated with evolution to chronic mesenteric vein thrombosis. American Journal of Roentgenology 203(1): 54-61.

Wu, Y. 2006. Overweight and obesity in China. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1550451/.

Wu, D.H., Shi, G.Y., Chuang, W.J., Hsu, J.M., Young, K.C., Chang, C.W. & Wu, H.L. 2001. Coiled coil region of streptokinase γ-domain is essential for plasminogen activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(18): 15025-15033.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: atiar@cu.ac.bd

 

 

 

sebelumnya