Sains Malaysiana 49(9)(2020): 2159-2168

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4909-14

Antidiabetes Activity of Herbal Product Containing Phyllanthus niruri and Zingiber americans

(Aktiviti Antidiabetes Produk Herba yang Mengandungi Phyllanthus niruri dan Zingiber americans)

ELFAHMI^1,2*, I KETUT ADNYANA¹, IKA FITRIA¹ & TAUFIK TAUFIKURAHMAN³

¹School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

²University Centre of Excellence, Nutraceutical, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

³School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 16 Januari 2020/Diterima: 7 Mei 2020

ABSTRACT

The diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases that has high prevalence rates in the world. It is defined as a state of hyperglycemia which usually accompanied by increasing blood glucose level. The combination of Phyllanthus niruri herbs and Zingiber americans rhizome has been produced as herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The efficacy of combination of these plants is still based on empirical data. This research aimed to prove the antidiabetes activity of herbal medicine product containing P. niruri and Z. americans in vivo. Antidiabetes activity was tested using oral glucose tolerance and alloxan induced methods. The blood glucose levels were measured in each experiment. In addition, the plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were also measured. The results showed that the decrease of blood glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance method were 40.98, 44.84, and 47.02% at doses of 90, 135, and 203 mg/kg BW, respectively (p <0.05) compared to control. While the decrease in blood glucose levels in alloxan induced method were 33.05, 38.82, and 41.79% at dose 90, 135, and 203 mg/kg BW, respectively (p <0.05) compared to control. The extract of dose 203 mg/kg BW appeared to be the most potent to decrease blood glucose levels in both methods, but did not show suppression activity of triglycerides and total cholesterol plasma. Suppression activities of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were shown after treatment with the extract dose 90 and 135 mg/kg BW, which were significantly different to control (p < 0.05). The herbal product contains flavonoid, phenol and tannin, which total of each were 0.15, 0.16, and 1.85% w/w, respectively.

Keywords: Diabetes; herbal medicines; jamu; Phyllanthus niruri; Zingiber americans

ABSTRAK

Penyakit kencing manis ialah salah satu penyakit kronik yang umum di dunia. Penyakit ini didefinisikan sebagai keadaan hiperglikemik yang diikuti dengan tingginya kadar gula dalam darah. Kombinasi tanaman herba Phyllanthud niruri dan Zingiber americans telah dijadikan sebagai produk ubat herba untuk mengubati penyakit diabetes. Kesan daripada gabungan dua tanaman ini masih berdasarkan kepada data empirik. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membuktikan khasiat anti-diabetes daripada salah satu produk ubatan herba yang mengandungi P. niruri dan Z. americans secara in vivo. Kajian ke atas anti-diabetes ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah induksi aloksan. Kandungan gula dalam darah untuk setiap percubaan dihitung. Selain itu, kadar trigliserids dan kolestrol juga diukur. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa kadar gula dalam darah dapat diturunkan dengan kaedah toleransi glukosa sebanyak 40.98, 44.84 dan 47.02% dengan dos 90, 135 dan 203 mg/kg BW (p < 0.05) berbanding kawalan. Penurunan dengan kaedah induksi aloksan pula adalah 33.05, 38.82 dan 42.79% pada dos 90, 135 dan 203 mg/kg BW (p < 0.05) berbanding kawalan. Ekstrak yang mengandungi dos 203 mg/kg BW menunjukkan penurunan kadar gula dalam darah paling tinggi dalam kedua-dua kaedah yang digunakan, namun tidak menunjukkan aktiviti penindasan trigliserids dan jumlah plasma kolestrol. Aktiviti penindasan serum trigliserids dan jumlah kolesterol dilihat selepas rawatan dengan ekstrak dos 90 dan 135 mg/kg BW, berbanding kawalan (p< 0.05). Produk herba ini mengandungi flavonoid, fenol dan tanin dengan jumlah sebanyak 0.15, 0.16 dan 1.85% w/w.

Kata kunci: Jamu; kencing manis; Phyllanthus niruri; ubat herba; Zingiber americans

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: elfahmi@fa.itb.ac.id