Sains Malaysiana 50(4)(2021): 1089-1099

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-19

 

The Effect of Bioactive Glass and Sintering Conditions on the Properties of Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Composites

(Kesan Kaca Bioaktif dan Keadaan Pensinteran pada Sifat Bahan Komposit Titanium-Hidroksiapatit)

 

MOHAMED ABDULMUNEM1*, MURALITHRAN G. KUTTY1, WAN HALIZA BINTI ABD MAJID2, ALI DABBAGH1, NOOR HAYATY ABU KASIM3, NOOR AZLIN BINTI YAHYA1 & HADIJAH ABDULLAH4

 

1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

3Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

4Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Faculty MAHSA University, Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 17 Januari 2019/Diterima: 23 September 2020

 

ABSTRACT

Titanium-hydroxyapatite (Ti-HA) based composites have been widely investigated as viable materials to be used in dentistry. However, sintering of these composites is very challenging due to decomposition of HA and oxidation of Ti. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporating a bioactive glass in Ti-HA composites sintered in different atmospheric conditions. The bioactive glass was prepared and added to different percentages of Ti-HA mixtures and divided into two groups. Samples in Group 1 were sintered with air atmosphere, while samples in Group 2 were sintered with vacuum furnace. All samples were later subjected to XRD, SEM, density, micro-hardness, and compression strength tests. XRD results showed that in Group 1, the major phases were assigned to Ti and HA while the minor phases were assigned to oxidised Ti. Whereas, Group 2 showed that the major phases were assigned to HA and the minor phases showed decomposition of HA to Ca3(PO4)2 (TCP) and Ca4(PO4)2O (TTCP). Oxidized Ti was also present in this group. In terms of density, micro-hardness and compression strength, statistical analyses showed that samples in Group 1 have a significant difference (p = 0.000) as compared to those in Group 2. Sintering Ti-HA composites incorporated with BG by using air atmosphere furnace could reduce the decomposition of HA and oxidation of Ti, thus improve the density, micro-hardness and compression strength of the composites.

 

Keywords: Bioactive glass; composites; compression strength; hydroxyapatite; sintering process; titanium

 

ABSTRAK

Asas komposit titanium-hidroksiapatit (Ti-HA) telah dikaji secara meluas sebagai bahan berdaya maju yang digunakan dalam bidang pergigian. Akan tetapi, pensinteran komposit ini adalah sangat mencabar disebabkan penguraian bahan HA dan pengoksidan Ti. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkajikesan memasukkan kaca bioaktif dalam komposit Ti-HA yang disinter dalam keadaan atmosfera yang berbeza. Kaca bioaktif disediakan dan ditambahkan kepada peratusan campuran Ti-HA yang berbeza dan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan. Sampel dalam Kumpulan 1 disinter dengan atmosfera udara, sementara sampel dalam Kumpulan 2 disinter dengan relau vakum. Semua sampel kemudiannya menjalani ujian XRD, SEM, ketumpatan, kekerasan mikro dan kekuatan mampatan. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahawa dalam Kumpulan 1, fasa utama ditujukan untuk Ti dan HA sementara fasa minor ditujukan untuk Ti yang teroksidaan. Manakala, Kumpulan 2 menunjukkan bahawa fasa utama ditujukan untuk HA dan fasa minor menunjukkan penguraian HA ke Ca3 (PO4) 2 (TCP) dan Ca4 (PO4) 2O (TTCP). Ti yang teroksidaan juga hadir dalam kumpulan ini. Dari segi ketumpatan, kekerasan mikro dan kekuatan mampatan, analisis statistik menunjukkan bahawa sampel dalam Kumpulan 1 mempunyai perbezaan yang signifikan (p = 0,000) berbanding dengan kumpulan 2. Sintering Ti-HA komposit yang digabungkan dengan kaca bioaktif  menggunakan relau atmosfera udara dapat mengurangkan penguraian HA dan pengoksidaan Ti, sehingga meningkatkan ketumpatan, kekerasan mikro dan kekuatan mampatan komposit.

 

Kata kunci: Hidroksiapatit; kaca bioaktif; kekuatan mampatan; komposit; proses pensinteran; titanium

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohamadjasem@yahoo.com       

 

 

 

 

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