Sains Malaysiana 50(8)(2021): 2251-2269

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-10

 

Preparation of Alpinia galanga Stem Based Activated Carbon via Single-step Microwave Irradiation for Cationic Dye Removal

(Penyediaan Karbon Teraktif Berasaskan BatangAlpinia galangadengan Penyinaran Gelombang Mikro Satu Langkah untuk Penyingkiran Pewarna Kation)

 

N.A. AHAMMAD, M.F.M. YUSOP, A.T. MOHD DIN & M.A. AHMAD*

 

School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 29 September 2020/Diterima: 15 Disember 2020

 

ABSTRACT

The focal point of this study is to synthesis Alpinia galanga Stem-based activated carbon (AGSAC) by using single-step microwave irradiation and testing it for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. AGSAC was prepared under the flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) for the gasification effect. The factors of contact time (from 0 to 24 h) and initial concentration (25-300 mg/L) on the adsorption performance of AGSAC were studied. With the aid of response surface methodology (RSM) via face-centered composite design (FCD), optimum preparation conditions for AGSAC were found to be 400 W for radiation power and 4 min for activation time, respectively, which resulted in 95.67% of MB dye removal. The optimized AGSAC has a Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area of 172.19 m2/g, mesopore surface area of 103.32 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.1077 cm3/g, and fixed carbon content of 47.63%. The pore diameter of AGSAC was found to be a mesoporous type with a pore diameter of 2.50 nm. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order were found as the best-fitted model for MB adsorption equilibrium and kinetic respectively onto prepared AGSAC. Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step.

Keywords: Activated carbon; adsorption; methylene blue; microwave irradiation; response surface methodology

 

ABSTRAK

Fokus kajian ini adalah untuk sintesis karbon teraktif berasaskan Batang Alpinia galanga (AGSAC) dengan menggunakan penyinaran gelombang mikro satu langkah dan untuk menguji penyingkiran pewarna kation, metilena biru (MB) daripada larutan berair. AGSAC disediakan di bawah aliran karbon dioksida (CO2) untuk kesan gasifikasi. Faktor masa sentuh (dari 0 hingga 24 jam) dan kepekatan awal (25-300 mg/L) pada prestasi penjerapan AGSAC telah dikaji. Dengan bantuan kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) melalui reka bentuk komposit berpusatkan wajah (FCD), keadaan persiapan optimum untuk AGSAC didapati 400 W bagi kuasa sinaran dan 4 min bagi masa pengaktifan, masing-masing, yang menghasilkan 95.67% penyingkiran pewarna MB. AGSAC yang dioptimumkan mempunyai luas permukaan Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) 172.19 m2/g, luas permukaan mesoliang 103.32 m2/g, jumlah liang total 0.1077 cm3/g dan kandungan karbon tetap 47.63%. Diameter liang AGSAC didapati jenis mesoliang dengan diameter liang 2.50 nm. Freundlich isoterm dan pseudo-peringkat-kedua didapati sebagai model yang paling sesuai untuk keseimbangan penjerapan dan kinetik MB masing-masing pada AGSAC yang telah disediakan. Penyebaran intrazarah didapati sebagai langkah pengehadan kadar.

Kata kunci: Kaedah gerak balas permukaan; karbon teraktif; metilena biru; penjerapan; penyinaran gelombang mikro

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chazmier@usm.my

 

       

 

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