Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 775-781

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-11

A Combination of UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Detection of Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan) Adulteration from Three Dyes

(Gabungan Spektroskopi UV-Vis dan Kemometrik untuk Pengesanan Pencemaran Kayu Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan) daripada Tiga Pewarna)

IRMANIDA BATUBARA^1,2,*, SAADATUL HUSNA¹, ^.MOHAMAD RAFI^1,2, TONY SUMARYADA³, SUSUMU UCHIYAMA⁴, BERRY JULIANDI⁵, SASTIA PRAMA PUTRI⁴ & EIICHIRO FUKUSAKI⁴

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Tanjung Street, IPB Campus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

  ²Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Taman Kencana Street No. 3, IPB Campus Taman Kencana, Bogor 16128, Indonesia

  ³Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Meranti Street, IPB Campus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

⁴Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan

  ⁵Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Tanjung Street, IPB Campus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 25 Disember 2020/Diterima: 27 Julai 2021

Abstract

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan) is very well known as a natural dye for traditional food and beverage in many countries. Recently, there are many reports of sappan wood adulteration by adding synthetic or natural dyes to obtain quality color and better appearance. In this study, UV-Vis absorption spectra coupled with chemometrics were used to develop rapid detection of sappan wood raw material adulteration (authentication) from three dyes, i.e., sudan III, commercial textile dyes, and red yeast rice. Absorption spectra of 13 sappan wood raw material and adulterated sappan wood with the three dyes in two different concentrations which resulted about 78 adulterated samples were measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 200-800 nm. A principal component analysis followed by discriminant analysis was used to construct a model for the authentication of sappan wood from the three dyes used in this study. The combination of both methods was successfully classified sappan wood as non-adulterated and adulterated with the dyes. Cross-validation results of the authentication model of sappan wood from sudan III, commercial textile dyes, and red yeast rice were 94.12%, 94.12%, and 92.16% correctly classified into their groups, respectively.

Keywords: Caesalpinia sappan; chemometrics; detection; dyes; UV-Vis spectroscopy

Abstrak

Kayu sappan (Caesalpinia sappan) sangat terkenal sebagai pewarna semula jadi untuk makanan dan minuman tradisi di banyak negara. Baru-baru ini, terdapat banyak laporan mengenai pemalsuan kayu sappan dengan penambahan pewarna sintetik atau semula jadi untuk mendapatkan warna yang berkualiti dan penampilan yang lebih baik. Dalam kajian ini, spektrum penyerapan UV-Vis yang digabungkan dengan kemometrik digunakan untuk pengembangan pengesanan cepat pemalsuan bahan mentah kayu sappan (pengesahan) daripada tiga pewarna, iaitu, sudan III, pewarna tekstil komersial dan beras ragi merah. Spektrum penyerapan 13 bahan mentah kayu sappan dan 78 kayu sappan yang dipalsukan dengan pewarna tersebut dalam dua kepekatan yang berbeza diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada jarak gelombang 200-800 nm. Analisis komponen utama diikuti dengan analisis diskriminan digunakan untuk membina model pengesahan kayu sappan daripada tiga pewarna yang digunakan dalam kajian ini. Gabungan kedua-dua kaedah tersebut berjaya mengelaskan kayu sappan sebagai tidak tercemar dan tercemar dengan pewarna. Hasil pengesahan silang model pengesahan kayu sappan daripada sudan III, pewarna tekstil komersial dan beras ragi merah didapati masing-masing ialah 94.12%, 94.12%, dan 92.16% dikelaskan dalam kumpulan mereka.

Kata kunci: Caesalpinia sappan; kemometrik; pengesanan; pewarna; spektroskopi UV-Vis

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ime@apps.ipb.ac.id