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Sains Malaysiana 51(5)(2022): 1283-1291
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5105-01
The Effect of Environmental
Enrichment on Sun Bear (Herlarctos
malayanus) Behaviour in Captivity
(Kesan
Pengayaan Alam Sekitar terhadap Tingkah Laku Beruang Madu (Herlarctos
malayanus) dalam Kurungan)
SITI SARAYATI ABDUL-MAWAH1,2, Y.
NORMA-RASHID2 &
RAMLI R.2,*
1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Sabah Branch, Kota Kinabalu Campus, 88997 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 23 Mei
2021/Diterima: 21 Oktober 2021
Abstract
One of the main concerns for animals kept in
captivity is expression of stereotypic behaviour which could indicate stress in
the animals. To ensure the welfare of animals are adequate for conservation
and to promote species specific behaviour that similar to those in the wild,
most of zoos are implementing environmental enrichment. The effect of
environmental enrichment on behavioural changes was studied in seven captive
sun bears kept in an enclosure at Zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Bear
behaviours are divided into three categories: Active, passive, and abnormal
behavioural. The study involved three period: baseline, enrichment, and
post-enrichment period. The activity budget was recorded as a single animal
scan. A total of 210 h of baseline data was collected over 36 weeks at varying
times of days. Three different environment enrichment tools were used; buoy
with dog food, hidden fruit mixed with honey, and gunny sack filled with
cinnamon powder. They were installed in the enclosures for 10 consecutive days
on a rotational basis. Both enrichment and post-enrichment observations were done
for 210 h using the same methods as in baseline sampling. Baseline data showed
greater passive and abnormal behaviours than active behaviour. With the introduction of the enrichment tools, the sun bears
displayed decreased passive and abnormal behaviours with an increment of active
behaviour. For post-enrichment period, there was no significant difference when
compared with the baseline between all behavioural categories. Among three
enrichment tools, hidden fruit mixed with honey was the most preferred
enrichment followed by buoy filled with dog food and gunnysack with cinnamon
powder. It is suggested that food-based enrichment should be lasting until
evening for the sun bear to engaged longer to the enrichment. Although less
preferred, cinnamon powder introduction as sensory enrichment was recommended
as well. However, it is crucial to ensure that the cinnamon’s odour lasting
until late evening, where the bears are ready to enter their night den. It can
be concluded that the application of various enrichment tools may help to
alleviate abnormal behaviour in captive bears.
Keywords: Environmental enrichment; sun bear; zoo
behaviour
Abstrak
Salah satu kebimbangan bagi haiwan yang ditempatkan di
dalam kurungan ialah ekspresi kelakuan stereotip yang boleh menyebabkan
tekanan pada haiwan tersebut. Untuk memastikan kebajikan haiwan sesuai untuk
pemuliharaan dan untuk membentuk kelakuan khusus spesies yang sama dengan
haiwan di kawasan liar, kebanyakan zoo menjalankan pengayaan persekitaran.
Kajian ke atas kesan pengayaan persekitaran pada perubahan kelakuan telah
dijalankan ke atas tujuh ekor beruang madu yang diletak di Zoo Negara, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. Kelakuan beruang dibahagi kepada kelakuan aktif, kelakuan
pasif dan kelakuan abnormal. Kajian ini melibatkan tiga tempoh; tempoh garis
dasar, tempoh pengayaan dan tempoh fasa selepas pengayaan. Peruntukan
aktiviti harian telah direkodkan sebagai cerapan haiwan tunggal. Sejumlah 210
jam data dasar telah dikumpul selama 36 minggu pada masa
dan hari yang berbeza. Tiga peralatan pengayaan persekitaran yang berbeza
telah digunakan; pelampung bola berisi makanan anjing, buah-buahan bercampur
madu disembunyikan di sekitar kawasan pameran dan guni berisi serbuk kayu
manis. Kesemua peralatan ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam kawasan pameran selama
10 hari berturut-turut mengikut giliran. Pemerhatian fasa selepas pengayaan
dilakukan selama 210 jam menggunakan kaedah yang sama dengan persampelan dasar.
Dengan pengenalan kepada peralatan pengayaan, beruang madu menunjukkan
penurunan pada kelakuan pasif dan abnormal dengan kenaikan kelakuan aktif.
Untuk fasa persampelan selepas pengayaan, tidak terdapat perbezaan bererti
apabila dibezakan dengan fasa dasar antara semua kategori kelakuan. Antara tiga
peralatan pengayaan, buah bercampur madu yang disembunyikan merupakan
pengayaan yang paling diminati diikuti oleh pelampung bola berisi makanan
anjing dan guni berisi serbuk kayu manis. Adalah dicadangkan agar pengayaan
makanan seharusnya bertahan sehingga ke lewat petang untuk beruang madu terikat
lebih lama dengan pengayaan ini. Walaupun kurang digemari, pengenalan serbuk
kayu manis sebagai pengayaan deria juga dicadangkan. Walau bagaimanapun, adalah penting untuk memastikan bau kayu manis
kekal sehingga lewat petang apabila beruang bersedia untuk memasuki kurungan
tempat bermalam. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa aplikasi pelbagai peralatan pengayaan
boleh membantu meringankan kelakuan abnormal pada beruang dalam kurungan.
Kata kunci: Beruang
madu; kelakuan zoo; pengayaan persekitaran
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
rosliramli@um.edu.my
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