Sains Malaysiana 51(7)(2022): 2061-2071

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5107-10

 

Molecular Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum in Dissimilar Kinds of Raw and Pasteurized Milk Samples of Naturally Infected Animal Species

(Kejadian Molekul Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum dan Cryptosporidium parvum dalam Sampel Susu Mentah dan Terpasteur Tak Serupa daripada Spesies Haiwan yang Dijangkiti secara Semula Jadi)

 

FARZAD ABDOLLAHZADEH1, MOHAMMAD SADEGH SAFAEE FIROUZABADI2 & ROMINA RASHID SHOMALI3,*

 

1Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

2Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, lran

3Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

 

Diserahkan: 30 Julai 2021/Diterima: 28 Disember 2021

 

ABSTRACT

Milk of naturally infected animal species is considered an essential reservoir of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Cryptosporidium parvum. An extant survey was performed to measure the T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. parvum incidence and periodic frequency amongst milk samples. One-thousand and one-hundred and sixty raw and 400 pasteurized milk samples were collected. Milk samples were used for DNA extraction. The nested-polymerase chain reaction was applied to diagnose B1, NP, and hsp70 genes of the T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. parvum, respectively. The total incidence of T. gondii, N. caninum, and C. parvum in examined milk samples were 2.69%, 10.51%, and 2.94%, respectively. Co-contamination of examined milk samples with all three protozoa was 0.38%. T. gondii had the highest distribution amongst raw sheep (5.00%) milk samples, while N. caninum, and C. parvum had the highest distribution in raw buffalo (23.68% and 6.31%, respectively) milk samples. Marked periodicity with the higher distribution of all protozoa among raw milk samples collected during autumn and summer seasons were found (P <0.05). Raw milk of animal species and pasteurized cow milk may be reservoirs of N. caninum, T. gondii, and C. parvum. Accurate monitoring of raw and pasteurized milk, particularly in autumn and summer seasons, can diminish the risk of human and animal toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and neosporosis. However, further investigations are essential to understand the exact epidemiological aspects and other risk factors associated with the N. caninum, C. parvum, and T. gondii presence in raw and pasteurized milk.

 

Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum; incidence; milk; Neospora caninum; Toxoplasma gondii

 

ABSTRAK

Susu spesies haiwan yang dijangkiti secara semula jadi dianggap sebagai takungan penting Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum dan Cryptosporidium parvum. Tinjauan sedia ada telah dilakukan untuk mengukur insiden T. gondii, N. caninum dan C. parvum serta kekerapan berkala di antara sampel susu. Satu-ribu seratus enam puluh sampel susu mentah dan 400 sampel susu pasteur telah dikumpulkan. Sampel susu tersebut digunakan bagi pengekstrakan DNA. Tindak balas rantai polimerase berantai (PCR) telah digunakan untuk mendiagnosis gen B1, NP, dan hsp70 masing-masing T. gondii, N. caninum dan C. parvum. Jumlah insiden T. gondii, N. caninum dan C. parvum dalam sampel susu yang diperiksa masing-masing ialah 2.69%, 10.51%, dan 2.94%. Pencemaran bersama sampel susu yang diperiksa dengan ketiga-tiga protozoa ialah 0.38%. T. gondii mempunyai taburan tertinggi dalam sampel susu kambing biri-biri mentah (5.00%), manakala N. caninum dan C. parvum mempunyai taburan tertinggi dalam sampel susu kerbau mentah (23.68% dan 6.31%, masing-masing). Insiden berkala yang ketara dengan pengedaran yang lebih tinggi bagi semua protozoa dalam kalangan sampel susu mentah yang dikumpul semasa musim luruh dan musim panas ditemui (P ​​<0.05). Susu mentah spesies haiwan dan susu lembu dipasteur mungkin merupakan takungan N. caninum, T. gondii dan C. parvum. Pemantauan tepat susu mentah dan pasteur, terutamanya pada musim luruh dan musim panas, boleh mengurangkan risiko toksoplasmosis manusia dan haiwan, cryptosporidiosis dan neosporosis. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian lanjut adalah penting untuk memahami aspek epidemiologi yang tepat dan faktor risiko lain yang dikaitkan dengan kehadiran N. caninum, C. parvum dan T. gondii dalam susu mentah dan pasteur.

 

Kata kunci: Cryptosporidium parvum; insiden; Neospora caninum; susu; Toxoplasma gondii

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: Romshomali@yahoo.com

 

 

   

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