{"id":827,"date":"2022-06-10T03:41:45","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T03:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jurnalpengurusan\/?page_id=827"},"modified":"2025-09-18T03:26:37","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T03:26:37","slug":"author-guidelines-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jurnalpengurusan\/author-guidelines-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Author Guidelines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-toolset-blocks-grid tb-grid\" data-toolset-blocks-grid=\"a507a3f42cef1f87fb46acca23cc1c0b\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-toolset-blocks-grid-column tb-grid-column tb-grid-align-top\" data-toolset-blocks-grid-column=\"3034fbe886c11054e95b46b09d3e4112\"><style>.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top-color:#f2f2f2;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#f2f2f2;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #f2f2f2;border-left-color:#f2f2f2;border-left-style:solid;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:#ffffff;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;color:#444444;padding-top:14px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #eeeeee;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:#333333;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#ae8094;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#ae8094;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #ae8094;border-left-color:#ae8094;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#333333;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#333333;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top-color:#f2f2f2;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#f2f2f2;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #f2f2f2;border-left-color:#f2f2f2;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #eeeeee;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#ae8094;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#ae8094;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #ae8094;border-left-color:#ae8094;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top-color:#f2f2f2;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#f2f2f2;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #f2f2f2;border-left-color:#f2f2f2;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #eeeeee;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#ae8094;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#ae8094;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom:4px solid #ae8094;border-left-color:#ae8094;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id827_9a0127-8c kt-accordion-has-6-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane827_327729-8d\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Submission Rules And Procedures<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Manuscripts must be original and must not have been previously published or be under concurrent consideration elsewhere. The Journal will accept submissions in masked (blind) review format only; authors should ensure that, other than the title page, the manuscript itself contains no clues to their identities. Manuscripts written in either English or Bahasa Melayu are welcomed. A manuscript should contain between <strong>7000-10000 words<\/strong> in length. Submit your article online at http:\/\/ejournal.ukm.my\/pengurusan. If you have any queries regarding your submission to this journal, please email jpukm@ukm.edu.my. <strong>ONLY<\/strong> manuscripts with less than <strong>15%<\/strong> similarity rate will be accepted by the Jurnal Pengurusan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Authors whose manuscripts have received conditional acceptance must complete the following requirements before final acceptance and publication:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>English Editing<br>Manuscripts must be written in clear and accurate English. Authors are required to obtain professional English editing or proofreading, preferably through one of the services<br>recommended by the journal.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Proof of Editing Submission<br>Authors must provide documented evidence (e.g., receipt or confirmation letter) that their manuscript has been submitted to a recognised English editing service. The official Letter of Acceptance will only be issued once this proof has been received and verified by the editorial office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3, Submission of Final Version<br>After editing is completed, authors must submit the final version of the manuscript, incorporating all language corrections, in full compliance with the journal\u2019s formatting guidelines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Author Responsibility<br>Authors are responsible for keeping their contact details up to date throughout the review and publication process. Any changes to the corresponding author\u2019s email address must be promptly communicated to the editorial office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Disclaimer<br>The journal provides a list of recommended English editing and proofreading services as a resource for authors. However, the use of these services does not guarantee publication. All manuscripts remain subject to peer review and the final decision of the editorial board. All costs related to English editing are the sole responsibility of the authors.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane827_d96247-60\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Copyright And Confidentiality<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>It is the author\u2019s responsibility to ensure that his or her submitted works do not infringe any existing copyright. Furthermore, the author indemnifies the editors and publisher against any breach of such a warranty. Authors should obtain letters of permission to reproduce or adapt copyrighted material and enclose copies of these letters with the final version of the accepted manuscript. It is also the author\u2019s responsibility to protect the anonymity and confidentiality of the respondents or to obtain letters of permission from the respondents if such anonymity and confidentiality are to be compromised.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane827_efad5c-f6\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Disclaimer<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>The editors and publisher of Jurnal Pengurusan have made every possible effort to verify the accuracy of all information contained in this publication. Any opinions, discussions, views and recommendations expressed in the article are solely those of the authors and are not of Jurnal Pengurusan, its editors or its publisher. Jurnal Pengurusan, its editors and its publisher will not be liable for any direct, indirect, consequential, special, exemplary, or other damages arising therefrom.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane827_6355f6-ae\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Review Process<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>The manuscript will initially undergo a desk review by the Associate Editors. Each manuscript that passes desk review is assigned to the Editorial Board Members. Then, at least two independent reviewers will be appointed for a double-blind peer review process. Decisions on the manuscript publication will be based on the recommendations and considerations by the Editorial Board Members and approved by the Editor-in-Chief. Manuscripts submitted by Journal Editorial Board Members are subject to the same review procedures<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane827_4fab6d-3b\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Manuscript Preparation Guidelines<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the guidelines provided in this section. Manuscripts that are not prepared according to these guidelines may be returned for revision prior to any editorial consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:8px;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top-color:#f2f2f2;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#f2f2f2;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#f2f2f2;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;background:#ffffff;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;color:#444444;padding-top:14px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:6px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:#333333;background:#ffffff;border-top-color:#ae8094;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#ae8094;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#ae8094;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #ae8094;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#333333;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#333333;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top-color:#f2f2f2;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#f2f2f2;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#f2f2f2;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #eeeeee;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#ae8094;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#ae8094;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#ae8094;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #ae8094;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top-color:#f2f2f2;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#f2f2f2;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#f2f2f2;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#ae8094;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#ae8094;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#ae8094;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left:3px solid #ae8094;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id827_7f0b9d-c7 kt-accordion-has-11-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right\" style=\"max-width:none\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-inner-wrap\" data-allow-multiple-open=\"false\" data-start-open=\"0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-1 kt-pane827_f52104-b0\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Typing<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Manuscripts should be typed single-spaced on only one side of the paper. The type on paper should be clear and readable. Use wide margins of at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) at the top, bottom, right, and left of every page.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-2 kt-pane827_3a1eee-be\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Title Page<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Each copy of a manuscript must include a separate title page, which should be the first page of the manuscript. The title page should contain the following information: (i) Title of the paper which must be provided in both English and Malay version. If your manuscript is in English (Malay), the Malay (English) version should be placed right below the English (Malay) version and in the italic form. Also, type the title of the paper centered at the top of this abstract page. (ii) The authors\u2019 name, affiliation, address, phone number, fax number, and E-mail address. Denote also the corresponding author. (iii) Any author notes (e.g., acknowledgements, disclaimers, special agreements concerning authorship, special circumstances regarding the study) should also be typed on the title page.&nbsp;<strong>The title page will be removed before the manuscript is sent out for review.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-3 kt-pane827_91177e-31\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Abstract, Keyword and JEL Classification<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>All manuscripts must include an abstract&nbsp;<em>between <strong>150-200 words<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/em>(one version in the English language and one version in&nbsp;<em>Bahasa Melayu<\/em>). Type the two versions of the abstract together on a new page (i.e., the page after the title page). All manuscripts must provide up to 5 keywords below the abstract and Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification(s) which describes the area of study. JEL classification which is provided by the American Economic Association (AEA) can be accessed from&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/jel\/jel_class_system.phpG\">http:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/jel\/jel_class_system.php#G<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane827_0e711a-a2\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Headings<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><em>Main headings&nbsp;<\/em>should be used to designate the major sections of a paper. Centre main headings and type in all uppercase letters. Type&nbsp;<em>secondary headings&nbsp;<\/em>flush left using uppercase letters.&nbsp;<em>Paragraph headings&nbsp;<\/em>should begin with a standard paragraph indentation and be typed in lowercase letters (except for the first letter of the initial word). End paragraph headings with a period and begin the text on the same line. Do not break up a page to start a new heading.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane827_26ab48-c5\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Illustrations and Tables<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Illustrations and tables should supplement the text and not duplicate it. Because they are more expensive to prepare for publication than text, use them judiciously. All charts, graphs, drawings, and other illustrations should be referred to as figures. Figures should be numbered and titled following the format for tables (described below). However, the title for the tables should be placed on top of the tables while for figures, the title should be placed below. Authors should be prepared to supply final camera-ready prints for all figures at the time the manuscript is accepted for publication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Begin each table on a separate page and number tables consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Each table should have a title (in uppercase and lowercase letters), centered at the top of the table, that is preceded by the word TABLE and its number (use Arabic numerals). Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">TABLE 3. Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notes to a table should be placed below the table. General notes that explain the table as a whole should be designated by the word&nbsp;<em>Note&nbsp;<\/em>followed by a colon. Specific notes that refer to a particular column, row, or individual entry are indicated by superscript lowercase letters. Probability notes indicate level of statistical significance and can be designated by asterisks and daggers (e.g., *<em>p&nbsp;<\/em>&lt; .05, **<em>p&nbsp;<\/em>&lt; .01, \u2020<em>p&nbsp;<\/em>&lt; .10). Begin each type of note (general note, specific note, and probability note, in that order) on a new line, flush left.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the text, refer to every table and figure by their numbers (e.g., \u201csee Table 3\u201d) and discuss only their highlights. Never write \u201cthe table below\u201d or \u201cthe figure on page 8\u201d because the position and page number of tables and figures cannot be determined until the typesetter makes the pages.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane827_9e057d-ef\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Footnotes\/Endnotes<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Footnotes are not recommended. Endnotes should be used only if absolutely necessary and must be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript with superscript Arabic numerals. On a separate page, type the text for endnotes in the order in which they are mentioned in the text.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-7 kt-pane827_1577a4-a3\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Appendices<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Lengthy but essential information (e.g., sample questionnaire, technical notes on method, a large table) should be presented in an appendix. Begin an appendix on a separate page, and type the word APPENDIX centered at the top of the page. If they are multiple appendixes, label each one alphabetically: APPENDIX A, APPENDIX B, etc. In the text, refer to appendixes by their labels (e.g., \u201csee Appendix A for questionnaire items\u201d). Provide each appendix with a title.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-8 kt-pane827_5defa4-7b\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Reference Citations<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>All citation in text must appear in the reference list, and all entries in the reference list must be cited in text. Cite references in text using the last author name-date method [e.g., Kromkowski (1999)]. If a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the work is referred to in the text. If a work has three, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the name of the first author followed by \u201cet al.\u201d and the year. For works with four or more authors, use only the name of the first author followed by \u201cet al.\u201d and the year whenever the work is cited (in the reference list, however, all names must be given). Page numbers should be provided when specific arguments or findings of authors are paraphrased, summarized, or directly quoted. Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First citation in text<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Low and Yong (2011: 121-132) argued that . . . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leuz, Nanda and Wysocki (2003) found . . . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Subsequent citations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mat Nor and Yong (2011: 121-132) argued that . . . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leuz et al. (2003) found . . . . . . . .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Do not use ampersands (&amp;)&nbsp;<\/strong>when references are cited as part of the sentence<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, for&nbsp;<strong>parenthetical<\/strong>&nbsp;citations of two or more works, use&nbsp;<em>alphabetical ordering and ampersands (&amp;)<\/em>. Separate each cited work by semicolons except for multiple works by the same authors which must be separated by comas. Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several researchers (e.g., Bushee 2001; Darrough &amp; Rangan 2004, 2010; Norman &amp; Kamran 2005; Shen &amp; Chih 2005; Woidtke 2002) supported this argument.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-9 kt-pane827_f51036-dd\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Reference List<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>A Roman alphabetically-ordered reference list should be included at the end of the manuscript. All references cited in text must appear in the reference list. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of all information in a reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All citation (regardless of race) must follow the format:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Author&#8217;s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Year. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher format.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Several references by the same author(s) should be ordered chronologically (earliest date first). Multiple references to works by an identical author(s) with the same publication date should be arranged alphabetically by the title that follows the date (excluding A or The) and differentiated by adding lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) immediately after the year. For periodicals, include an issue number only if the pages of the periodical are not numbered consecutively throughout the volume (i.e., if each issue begins with page 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Begin the reference list on a new page and type the word REFERENCES centered at the top of the page. Type each entry using a hanging-indent format and follow the reference style of the examples below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Books and book chapters<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Black, F., Jensen, M.C. &amp; Scholes, M. 2002. The capital asset pricing model: Some empirical tests. In&nbsp;<em>Studies in the Theory of Capital Markets,&nbsp;<\/em>edited by M.C. Jensen &amp; R.A. Rozeff, 201-239. New York: Praeger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brigham, E.F., Gapenski, L. &amp; Ehrhardt, M.C. 2010.&nbsp;<em>Financial Management: Theory and practice.&nbsp;<\/em>13th edition. Fort Worth: The Dryden Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maddala, G.S. 2001.&nbsp;<em>Introduction to Econometrics.&nbsp;<\/em>3rd edition. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Periodicals\/Journals<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Abdullah, A.R. &amp; Affandi, M.A. 2011. The future of the Gen-X entrepreneurs.&nbsp;<em>Malaysian Business<\/em>&nbsp;31 May, 123.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acharya V.V. &amp; Pedersen, L.H. 2005. Asset pricing with liquidity risk.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Financial Economics&nbsp;<\/em>77: 375-410.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Davis, J.L., Fama, E.F. &amp; French, K.R. 2000. Characteristics, covariances, and average returns: 1929 to 1997.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Finance&nbsp;<\/em>55(1): 389-406.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hodrick, R.J. &amp; Zhang, X. 2001. Evaluating the specification errors of asset pricing models.&nbsp;<em>Journal of Financial Economics&nbsp;<\/em>62: 327-376.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Proceedings, presented papers, and dissertations<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Locke, E.A., Durham, C.C. &amp; Poon, J.M.L. 1995. Knowledge seeking as a group strategy to attain goals. In&nbsp;<em>New developments in group dynamics and group effectiveness<\/em>, E. A. Locke (Chair). Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the Society of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 18-20 May, Orlando, USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ibrahim, M.H. &amp; Said, R. 2011. Disaggregated consumer prices and oil prices pass-through: evidence from Malaysia.<em>&nbsp;Proceedings of the VI Malaysian National Economics Conference: Vol. 1<\/em>, edited by Mansor Jusoh, Nor Aini Idris, Tamat Sarmidi, Mohd. Adib Ismail &amp; Ahmad Mohd Yusof, 5-7 June. Malacca, Malaysia, 296-305.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Che Embi, N.A. 2010.&nbsp;<em>An examination of the initial performance of Malaysian shariah-compliant IPOs<\/em>. Unpublished PhD. Diss., Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poon, J.M.L., Stevens, C.K. &amp; Gannon, M.J. 1996.&nbsp;<em>Effects of learning style and training method on reactions to cross-cultural training<\/em>. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, 12-15 August, Cincinnati, USA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Electronic reference<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bartol, K.M., Koehl, D. &amp; Martin, D.C. 1987. Quantitative versus qualitative information utilization among college business students. [CD-ROM].&nbsp;<em>Educational and Psychological Research&nbsp;<\/em>7: 61-74. Abstract from: SilverPlatter File: PsycLIT Item: 75-24812.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Funder, D.C. 1994(March). Judgmental process and content: Commentary on Koehler on base-rate [9 paragraphs].<em>Psycoloquy&nbsp;<\/em>[On-line serial], 5(17). Available E-mail: psyc@pucc Message: Get psyc 94-xxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Washington, H.J. 2010. Common factors in debt financing: New evidence from an emerging market. Available at http:\/\/sbtn.locklibrary\/bondfinance_0127.pdf<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-10 kt-pane827_f26fd3-21\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Order of the Manuscript Pages<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Arrange the pages of the manuscript as follows: Title page, abstract, keywords, text (including tables and figures), endnotes, acknowledgement (if any), references, appendixes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-11 kt-pane827_e57b5a-46\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Article Processing Fees (APF)<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p>Manuscript which are submitted to Jurnal Pengurusan&nbsp;from 1st October 2023 will be charged&nbsp;Article Processing Fee (APF)&nbsp;<strong>RM 700\/USD190<\/strong>&nbsp;if it is ACCEPTED for publications.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-6 kt-pane827_8d7e77-1a\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-header-wrap\"><button class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show\" type=\"button\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-title\">Manuscript Format<\/span><\/span><span class=\"kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger\"><\/span><\/button><\/div><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden\"><div class=\"kt-accordion-panel-inner\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Template 1: <strong>Empirical Research Template<\/strong> Download <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/jurnalpengurusan\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Manuscript-Template-JP2025-03092025n.docx\">here<\/a><br>Template 2: <strong>Review &amp; 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