{"id":270,"date":"2026-07-22T11:05:17","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T03:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/myjea\/?page_id=270"},"modified":"2026-07-23T10:04:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T02:04:34","slug":"2026-01-24","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/myjea\/issue-1-2026\/2026-01-24\/","title":{"rendered":"SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL DMFC VERSUS MEMBRANE-LESS FUEL CELL: ELECTRODE ARCHITECTURE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

by Iesti Hajar Hanapi, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Norazuwana Shaari, and Siti Hasanah Osman <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Full text: PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17576\/myjea.2026.01.24<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abstract<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are increasingly recognized as a promising energy conversion technology, particularly suited for compact and portable power applications, owing to the high energy density and simple fuel management. In traditional DMFC, the fundamental electrochemical unit is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which consists of a proton-conducting membrane sandwiched between the anode and cathode electrodes. Alternatively, the development of membrane-less DMFC systems, which employ a co-laminar microfluidic flow to establish a “virtual membrane,” eliminates the necessity for a physical membrane while still facilitating proton transport and electrochemical separation. Electrodes continue to be a critical element in both systems, as they regulate the efficacy of methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, despite the architecture differences. The present review critically evaluates the present state and prospective trajectory of electrode development in both conventional and membrane-less DMFC. Engineering electrodes that provide improved catalytic activity, structural durability, and mass transport characteristics while adhering to a variety of operational constraints is the primary challenges. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the progress and limitations in each system by investigating the fundamental operating principles and reviewing recent innovations in electrode materials, and architectures. The investigation also investigates the operational stability, scalability, and performance trade-offs that are linked to real-world deployment. The review emphasizes the direct relationship between advancements in electrode technology and global sustainability initiatives, as they are consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords<\/em>: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), Membrane-less fuel cell, Electrode architecture, Microfluidic fuel cell, Laminar flow fuel cell (LFFC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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