{"id":1867,"date":"2026-06-14T16:20:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T08:20:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/?page_id=1867"},"modified":"2026-06-14T16:20:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T08:20:59","slug":"a-study-on-the-differences-in-awareness-of-public-transportation-manners-between-malaysians-and-japanese","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/a-study-on-the-differences-in-awareness-of-public-transportation-manners-between-malaysians-and-japanese\/","title":{"rendered":"A Study on the Differences in Awareness of Public Transportation Manners Between Malaysians and Japanese"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1867\" class=\"elementor elementor-1867\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e3b18 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"53e3b18\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae4d126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ae4d126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A Study on the Differences in Awareness of Public Transportation Manners Between Malaysians and Japanese<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3ddf09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3ddf09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nurhana Farihah Binti Rusdi<span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 25px;font-style: italic;font-weight: 600\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a00de73 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a00de73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65210fb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"65210fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0139fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0139fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Japan is a country widely known for its effective public transportation, while Malaysia\u2019s public transportation users are also expected to increase over time. According to Ahmad (2007), in \u201cMalaysia\u2019s Look East Policy\u201d, Japanese society is &#8220;a highly organized society at all levels.&#8221; In Japanese society, certain norms and order are shared across government, business, educational institutions, and local communities, and people tend to act in accordance with rules and systems. On the other hand, according to the &#8220;Transactions of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Series D3,&#8221; public transportation spaces are considered to function when users observe good manners and show consideration for one another. Furthermore, trains, buses, and stations are public spaces used by many people simultaneously, and the behavior of users has a significant impact on others. Therefore, sharing and practicing basic manners is crucial. Kawamura (2015) points out that the act of &#8220;giving up one&#8217;s seat&#8221; is recognized as a common manner in public transportation in Japanese and Western European cities. While &#8220;giving up one&#8217;s seat&#8221; is widely recognized in Japan, actual behavior is influenced by individual awareness, circumstances, and psychological factors, and is not necessarily practiced uniformly in all situations.<\/p><p>In addition, the environment for using public transportation is diverse in Malaysia, and individual differences and situational factors are observed in user behavior and the practice of manners. For example, there are various patterns of behavior when boarding and in the vehicle, and these can potentially affect the comfort and efficiency of public spaces. This study examines the differences in awareness and perceptions of public transportation manners between Malaysians and Japanese people. Public transportation manners play an important role in maintaining comfort, safety, and social harmony within shared public spaces. While Japan is often associated with strong social norms and high public awareness regarding appropriate behavior in public transportation, Malaysia presents a more diverse and flexible social environment influenced by multicultural backgrounds and varying social expectations. Despite these differences, comparative studies focusing specifically on public transportation manners between the two countries remain limited.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Study on the Differences in Awareness of Public Transportation Manners Between Malaysians and Japanese Nurhana Farihah Binti Rusdi Japan is a country widely known for its effective public transportation, while Malaysia\u2019s public transportation users are also expected to increase over time. According to Ahmad (2007), in \u201cMalaysia\u2019s Look East Policy\u201d, Japanese society is &#8220;a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1867","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1867"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1875,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1867\/revisions\/1875"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}