{"id":1968,"date":"2026-06-14T16:46:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T08:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/?page_id=1968"},"modified":"2026-06-14T16:46:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T08:46:07","slug":"how-did-the-kakure-kirishitan-cope-with-persecution-during-the-tokugawa-ruling-period","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/how-did-the-kakure-kirishitan-cope-with-persecution-during-the-tokugawa-ruling-period\/","title":{"rendered":"How Did the Kakure Kirishitan Cope with Persecution During the Tokugawa Ruling Period?\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1968\" class=\"elementor elementor-1968\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-335e9d70 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"335e9d70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c20203d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c20203d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Did the Kakure Kirishitan Cope with Persecution During\nthe Tokugawa Ruling Period?<span style=\"font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;font-size: 40px;font-weight: 600\"><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bcd57a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bcd57a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chong Xannon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41abfad8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"41abfad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-688022ea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"688022ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8912b4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8912b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This study explores the historical experiences and psychological resilience of the Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians) in Tokugawa Japan, focusing on their coping strategies during religious persecution. The research aims to (1) understand the nature and impact of the Tokugawa regime\u2019s suppression of Christianity and (2) analyse how the Kakure Kirishitan managed to preserve their faith using the Theory of Transformative Coping (TCM) as a theoretical framework. Methodologically, this study applies qualitative historical analysis by synthesising scholarly literature, primary accounts, and theoretical perspectives, especially those related to coping, spirituality, and resilience. The geographical and historical focus is Japan between the 17th and 19th centuries, during which Christianity was outlawed. Findings reveal that the Kakure Kirishitan employed various creative and spiritual coping mechanisms, including religious syncretism, oral transmission, symbolic secrecy, and ritual innovation. These strategies allowed them to maintain both their religious identity and communal cohesion in secret. Their use of encoded rituals and adapted theology illustrates how adversity was transformed into spiritual growth and cultural preservation. Despite psychological burdens such as fear and trauma, the Kakure Kirishitan interpreted suffering as divine testing, reinforcing their endurance across generations. This study concludes that the Kakure Kirishitan\u2019s survival reflects the core principles of transformative coping\u2014meaning-making, creativity, and collective resilience\u2014as they shaped a unique spiritual identity under prolonged oppression.<\/p><p>Keywords: Kakure Kirishitan, religious persecution, Tokugawa Japan, transformative coping, spirituality<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How Did the Kakure Kirishitan Cope with Persecution During the Tokugawa Ruling Period? Chong Xannon This study explores the historical experiences and psychological resilience of the Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians) in Tokugawa Japan, focusing on their coping strategies during religious persecution. The research aims to (1) understand the nature and impact of the Tokugawa regime\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1968","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1968","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1968"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1968\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1984,"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1968\/revisions\/1984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/sakuraya\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1968"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}