{"id":73,"date":"2018-03-02T08:21:02","date_gmt":"2018-03-02T00:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ukm.my\/staclim\/?page_id=73"},"modified":"2026-01-15T16:02:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T08:02:03","slug":"scopes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ukm.my\/staclim\/scopes\/","title":{"rendered":"Scopes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"73\" class=\"elementor elementor-73\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a153ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"42a153ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33c02197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33c02197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scopes<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fa047ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3fa047ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d8e4f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d8e4f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scopes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d97838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d97838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Scope 1: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate, Emission and Pollution<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Scope 2: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water and Food Security<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Scope 3: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land and Forest<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Scope 4: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advanced and Emerging Technology<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Scope 5: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Community Climate Resilience and Adaptation<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6095485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6095485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Topics<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15177f75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15177f75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>Atmospheric Science<\/li>\n<li>Space Climate<\/li>\n<li>Air Pollution<\/li>\n<li>Sustainable Transport<\/li>\n<li>Environmental Engineering<\/li>\n<li>Hazard and natural disaster management<\/li>\n<li>Geospatial Technology<\/li>\n<li>Fisheries and Aquaculture<\/li>\n<li>Agriculture<\/li>\n<li>Marine Biology and Ecosystem<\/li>\n<li>Water pollution<\/li>\n<li>Coastal and Marine Management<\/li>\n<li>Biodiversity Conservation<\/li>\n<li>Flood Mitigation<\/li>\n<li>Land Use Land use change and Forestry (LULUCF)<\/li>\n<li>Cities and urban development<\/li>\n<li>Hazardous and Solid Waste Management<\/li>\n<li>Internet of Things (IoTs) and Artificial Intelligence (related to environment)<\/li>\n<li>Sustainable and Renewable Energy<\/li>\n<li>Economic Sustainability<\/li>\n<li>Human and Social Sustainability<\/li>\n<li>Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Footprint<\/li>\n<li>Law and Policy in Climate Change<\/li>\n<li>Future Society 6.0 (Well-being)<\/li>\n<li>Environmental and Health Sustainability<\/li>\n<li>Climate Justice and Equality<\/li>\n<li>Environmental Pressing Issues in ASEAN\/Central Asia<\/li>\n<li>Circular economy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scopes Scopes Scope 1: Climate, Emission and Pollution Scope 2: Water and Food Security Scope 3: Land and Forest Scope 4: Advanced and Emerging Technology Scope 5: Community Climate Resilience and Adaptation Topics Atmospheric Science Space Climate Air Pollution Sustainable Transport Environmental Engineering Hazard and natural disaster management Geospatial Technology Fisheries and Aquaculture Agriculture Marine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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