Sains Malaysiana 34(2): 129-133 (2005)

 

Effects of Wet Deposition on Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Labu

River: A Snapshort Study of a Sub-urban Lotic Ecosystem

(Kesan Enapan Basah terhadap Aras Logam Berat Terpilih dalam Sungai Labu)

 

 

Lim Sun Hoo & Abdullah Samat

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E.,Malaysia

 

Mohd. Rozali Othman

School of Chemical Science and Food Technology

Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E..,Malaysia

 

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan hujan (enapan basah) ke atas kepekatan logam-logam berat (kadmium, kuprum, ferum, plumbum, mangan dan zink) di dalam air Sungai Labu. Penelitian dibuat dalam kawasan tadahan Sungai Labu yang terdiri dari Sungai Batang Labu dan Sungai Batang Nilai. Kawasan kajian ini meliputi ladang-ladang pertanian, penempatan dan perbandaran. Kepekatan kadmium (Cd) dan zink (Zn) masing-masing dari segi statistik mempunyai korelasi positif (r=0.17 dan r=0.66) dengan enapan basah. Sementara logam-logam berat yang lain mempunyai korelasi negatij dengan enapan basah. Plumbum (Pb) mempamirkan nilai korelasi tertinggi (r=­0.52), diikuti oleh mangan (Mn), ferum (Fe) dan kuprum (Cu) masing-masing dengan r=-0.30, -0.16 dan -0.09. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahawa enapan basah telah tidak mempengaruhi paras Cu, Fe, Pb dan Mn dalam Sungai Labu. Kemasukan pencemar logam daripada sumber-sumber antropogenik didapati telah menyumbang kepada kebanyakan logam berat yang wujud.

 

Kata kunci: Enapan basah, logam berat, Sungai Labu.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

A study was carried out to determine the effects of rainfall (wet deposition) on heavy metal (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc) concentrations in water of the Labu River. Research was undertaken within the Labu River catchment area consisting of Batang Labu River and Batang Nilai River that flow through agricultural estates, residential and urban areas. Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were statistically positively correlated (r=0.17 and r=0.66 respectively) with wet deposition, while other heavy metals were negatively correlated with wet deposition. Lead (Pb) exhibited the highest correlated value (r=-0.52),followed by manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) with r=-0.30, -0.16, -0.09 respectively. Results showed that wet deposition did not significantly influence the levels of Cu, Fe, Pb and Mn in the Labu River. Inputs of metal pollutants derived from anthropogenic sources may contribute to most of the existing heavy metals observed.

 

Keywords: Wet Deposition, Heavy Metal, Labu River

 

 

RUJUKAN/REFERENCES

 

APHA. 1995. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Ed. 19. APHA, AWWA & AWPFC, Washington.

Brarns, E. & Anthony, W. 1988. Residual cadmium in a soil profile and accumulation in wheat grain. Plant and Soil 109: 3-8.

Department of Environmental of Selangor 1997. Monitoring Annual Report.

Department of Environment (DOE). 1998. Environmental Quality Report 1997. Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.

Domergue, F. L. & Vedy, J. C. 1992. Mobility of heavy metals in soil profiles. 1ntern. Environ. Chem. 46: 13-23.

Environmental Health Center. 1997. Zinc (Zn) Chemical Backgrounder. http://www.nsc.orglehc/ew/chemslzinc.htm Eriksson, J. E. 1990a. A field study on factors influencing Cd levels in soils and grain of oats and winter wheat. Water, Air and Soil Pollut. 53: 69-81.

Eriksson, J. E. 1990b. Effects of nitrogen-containing fertilizers on solubility and plant uptake of cadmium. Water, Air and Soil Pol/ut. 49: 355-368.

Laggerweff, J. V. & Specht, A. W. 1970. Cadmium in environment. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 4: 583-586.

Leland. H. V. & McNurney, J. M. 1979. Lead transport in a river ecosystem. In. Proc. Int. Conf Transport of Persistent Chemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems III: 17-23.

Lund, H. 1971. Industrial Pollution Control Handbook. McGraw Hill Book Company, USA.

Mayer Jr., F. L. dan Ellersieck, M. R. 1988. Experiences with single-species tests for acute toxic effects on freshwater animals. Ambio 17: 367-375.

Moore, J. W. & Ramamoorthy, S. 1984. Heavy metals in natural waters. Applied monitoring and impact assessment. Springer­Verlag, New York.

Mortvedt, J. J. 1987. Cadmium levels in soils and plants from long-term soil fertility experiments in the United States of America. J. of Environ. Qual. 16: 137-142.

Schroeder, H. A., Nason, A. P., Tipton, 1. H. & Balassa, E. J. 1967. Essential trace metal in man. Zinc relation to environmental cadmium. J. Chromic. 20: 179-210.

Schwoerbel, J. 1987. Handbook of limnology. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester.

Vega, M., Pardo, R., Barrado, E. & Deban, L. 1998. Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Wat. Res. 32: 3581-3592.

Xian, X. 1989. Effect of chemical forms of cadmium, zinc and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants. Plant and Soil 1l3: 257-264.

 

  

   

previous