Sains Malaysiana 38(5)(2009): 637–644

Kandungan Logam Berat Terpilih dalam Tanih Ultrabes dan Mengkudu

(Morinda citrifolia) dari Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(Selected Heavy Metal Content in Ultrabasic Soil and Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia)

from Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

Sahibin Abd. Rahim*, Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, Kadderi Md. Desa, Tukimat Lihan, Azman Hashim, Sharilnizam Yusof & Low Hew Kuan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 29 August 2008 / Accepted: 3 February 2009

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini dijalankan di kawasan tanih ultrabes di Selaru (S1 & S2) dan Felda Rokan Barat (S3), Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Sebanyak lapan belas sampel tumbuhan dan substratnya telah diambil di kawasan kajian. Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk menentukan kandungan logam berat Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, dan Zn di dalam tanih dan bahagian akar, batang, daun serta buah tumbuhan. Koefisien Penyerapan Biologi (BAC) ditentukan secara perkiraan. Kandungan logam berat di dalam tumbuhan diekstrak secara penghadaman basah manakala kandungan di dalam tanih diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan berjujukan. Kandungan logam berat dalam larutan ekstrak tumbuhan dan tanih ditentukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Penyerapan Atom Kaedah Nyalaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kepekatan logam berat paling tinggi dalam substrat Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) adalah Fe, diikuti oleh Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn dan Co dengan kepekatan purata masing-masing 1208.5, 583.4, 352.4, 352.4, 70.7 dan 53.6 mg.kg-1. Kepekatan logam berat tersedia bagi Mn dan Zn adalah lebih tinggi berbanding logam berat tersedia yang lain berdasarkan peratus. Kandungan Fe dan Mn adalah dominan di dalam semua bahagian tumbuhan. Walau bagaimanapun, berdasarkan purata BAC, logam Co menunjukkan nilai pengayaan yang tinggi di semua bahagian.

Kata kunci: Logam berat; Morinda citrifolia; tanih ultrabes (serpentinit)

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out at an ultrabasic area, Selaru (S1 & S2) dan Felda Rokan Barat (S3), Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan. Eighteen samples of plant and their substrates were collected from study area. The purpose of this study was to determine heavy metal such as Ni, Cr, Mn, Co, Fe and Zn contents in soils and different parts of the plant, such as leaf, stem, root and fruit. Biologal Absorption Coefficient (BAC) of the plant was obtained by calculation. Heavy metals content in the plant were extracted by digestion method whereas in soil the heavy metals were extracted by sequential extraction. Heavy metals content in soil and plant extract was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. It was found that heavy metal concentrations in soil substrate for mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) were high for Fe followed by Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn and Co with average concentration of 1208.5, 583.4, 352.4, 352.4, 70.7 and 53.6 mg.kg-1, respectively. Available Mn and Zn concentrations were higher than the other heavy metals in term of percentage. Fe and Mn were dominant in all parts of plants however in terms of BAC average, Co showed the highest enrichment value in all parts of the plants.

Keywords: Heavy metals; Morinda citrifolia; ultrabasic (serpentinite) soil

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*Corresponding author; email: haiyan@ukm.my