Sains Malaysiana 40(9)(2011): 1023–1027

 

Kesan Kepekatan Asid Performik Terhadap Pengepoksidaan Minyak Sawit Olein

(Effect of Performic Acid Concentration on Epoxidation of Palm Olein)

 

Darfizzi Derawi & Jumat Salimon*

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E. Malaysia

 

Received: 16 June 2010 / Accepted: 17 December 2010

 

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian pengoptimuman tindak balas pengepoksidaan minyak sawit olein (POo) dengan menggunakan mangkin asid performik (HCOOOH) telah dijalankan. Kesan tindak balas terhadap nisbah kepekatan HCOOH : H2O2 dan masa tindak balas telah dikaji pada suhu 45oC. Kandungan oksigen oksirana (OOC) optimum sebanyak 3.61% diperoleh dengan menggunakan nisbah mol 1 : 5 : 2 pada 150 min dan sebanyak 96.5% penukaran dapat dicapai. Hasil tindak balas adalah sebanyak 91.3%. Puncak kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC) bagi minyak sawit olein terepoksida (EPOo) telah berubah sepenuhnya berbanding puncak HPLC POo. Spektrum transformasi Fourier infra-merah (FTIR) telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak ikatan gelang oksirana pada 844 cm-1.

 

Kata kunci: Kandungan oksigen oksirana; minyak sawit olein; pengepoksidaan

 

ABSTRACT

Optimization study on palm olein (POo) epoxidation by using performic acid (HCOOOH) catalyst was carried out. The effect of concentration ratio of HCOOH : H2O2 and reaction time was studied at 45oC. The optimum content of oxygen oxirane (OOC) obtained was 3.61% and 96.5% of conversion was achieved by using mol ratio of 1 : 5 : 2 at 150 min. The reaction yield was 91.3%. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks for epoxidized palm olein (EPOo) showed complete conversion compared to the HPLC peaks of POo. Fourier transform infra-red spectrum showed the presence of oxirane peaks at 844 cm-1.

 

Keywords: Epoxidation; oxygen oxirane content; palm olein

 

REFERENCES

 

A.O.C.S. 1998. Official Methods and Recommended Practices of AOCS. Illionis: AOCS.

Biermann, U., Friedt, W., Lang, S., Luhs, W., Machmuller, G., Metzger, J. O., Klaas, M.R., Schafer, H. J. & Schneider, M. P. 2000. New syntheses with oils and fats asrenewable raw materials for the chemical industry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39: 2206-2224.

Campanella, A., Fontanini, C. & Baltanás, M.A. 2008. High yield epoxidation of fatty acid methyl esters with performic acid generated in-situ. Chem. Eng. Journal. 144: 466-475.

Dinda, S., Patwardhan, A.V., Goud, V.V. & Pradhan, N.C. 2008. Epoxidation of cottonseed oil by aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalysed by liquid inorganic acids. Bioresour. Technol. 99: 3737-3744.

Gan, L.H., Goh, S.H. & Ooi, K.S. 1992. Kinetic studies of epoxidation and oxirane cleavage of palm olein methyl esters. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 69(4): 347-351.

Gan, L.H., Ooi, K.S., Gan, L.M. & Goh, S.H. 1995. Effect of epoxidation on the thermal oxidative stabilities of esters of fatty acids derived from palm olein. J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 72: 439-442.

Goud, V.V., Patwardhan, A.V. & Pradhan, N.C. 2005. Studies on the epoxidation of the epoxidation of mahua oil (Madhumica indica) by hydrogen peroxide. Bioresour. Technology. 97(2006): 1365-1371.

Guenter, S., Rieth, R. & Rowbottom, K.T. 2003. Edisi Ke-6. Ulmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. 12: 269-284. Wiley-VCH.

Gunstone, F.D. 2004. The Chemistry of Oils and Fats: Sources, Composition, Properties and Uses. UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Gunstone, F.D. & Padley, F.eB. 1997. Lipid Technologies and Applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Jumat Salimon, Mamot Said, Suria Ramli & Mohamad Azwani Shah Mat Lazim. 2006. Oils and Fats Analysis. Bangi: Pusat Penerbitan dan Percetakan UKM.

Klaas, M. R. & Warwel, S. 1998. Complete and partial epoxidation of plant oils by lipase-catalyzed perhydrolysis. Industrial Crops and Products 9 (1999): 125-132.

Klaas, M. R. & Warwel, S. 1999. Complete and partial epoxidation of plant oils by lipase-catalysed perhydrolysis. Industrial Crops and Products 9: 125-132.

O’Brien, R. D. 1998. Fats and Oils; Formulating and Processing for Applications. Switzerland: Technomic Publishing AG.

Paquot, C. 1979. Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives Part-1. Edisi Ke-5. Germany: Pergamon Press.

Rios, L. A., Weckes, P., Schuster, H. & Hoelderich, W. F. 2005. Mesoporous and amorphous Ti-silicas on the epoxidation of vegetables oils. J. Catal. 232: 19-26.

Scrimgeour, C. 2005. Chemistry of Fatty Acids. Edisi Ke-6. Scotland: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Sharpless, K. B., Woodard, S. S. & Finn, M. G. 1983. On the mechanism of titanium tartrate catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation. Pure Appl. Chem. 55: 1823-1836.

Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, Z. & Jiang, B. 1997. In Situ epoxidation of ethylene propylene diene rubber by performic acid. Polymer 38(21): 5407-5410.

 

 

*Corresponding author; email: jumat@ukm.my

 

 

 

previous