 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Effectiveness of Hot Oil Treatment on Cultivated 15 Year-Old Acacia Hybrid Against Coriolus versicolors, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Pycnoporu sanguineus (Keberkesanan
Rawatan Minyak Panas Terhadap Acacia hibrid Ladang Berumur 15 Tahun
Didedahkan Pada Coriolus versicolors, Gloeophyllum trabeum dan Pycnoporus
sanguineus)
Razak Wahab*
& Izyan Khalid
University
Malaysia Kelantan 16100, Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, Malaysia
Tamer A. Tabet, Aminuddin
Mohamed, Rafidah Md. Salim & Farah Wahida Ayob
University Malaysia Sabah, 88999
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Othman Sulaiman
Universiti Sains
Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Received: 22
February 2011 / Accepted: 1 August 2011
ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of the hot
oil treatment process on 15 year old cultivated Acacia hybrid was studied. Accelerated laboratory durability studies were conducted
on the hot oil treated Acacia hybrid inoculated with fungi Coriolus
versicolors, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Pycnoporus sanguineus.
The logs of Acacia hybrid were harvested, segregated into bottom, middle
and top portions, and later were oil-heat treated in an organic palm oil at
temperatures of 180, 200 and 220°C for the duration of 30, 60 and 90 min. The
wood samples that were dried and ground into sawdust was air-dried again before
undergoing accelerated laboratory durability tests. Untreated samples were used
as control. The durability of the wood increases with an increase in
temperature and duration of the treatment. The hot oil treated samples could
reduce the attack of G. trabeum from 20.89%, 20.94% and 21.29% in the
control samples to 0.88-4.07%, 1.22-4.84% and 1.28-4.22% at bottom, middle and
top portions, respectively. The attack of C. versicolors were reduced
from 26.59%, 30.28% and 34.79% in the control samples to 2.89-9.41%, 3.88-16.84
and 4.27-17.34% at bottom, middle and top portions. However, the attacked of P.
sanguineus were least effective with 31.42%, 36.33% and 36.55% in control
samples to 3.26-12.55%, 4.67-15.36% and 4.69-19.22% at bottom, middle and top
portions. Massive colonization of mycelia occurs in vessels of the untreated Acacia hybrid wood in comparison to the hot oil treated wood when observed through
scanning electron microscope.
Keywords: Cultivated Acacia hybrid; durability; fungi inoculation; hot oil treatment; scanning electron
microscope
ABSTRAK
Keberkesanan proses rawatan
minyak panas terhadap hibrid Acacia ladang berumur 15
tahun dikaji. Kajian ketahanan cepat makmal telah dijalankan ke atas hibrid Acacia ini melalui inokulasi kulat Coriolus versicolors, Gloeophyllum
trabeum dan Pycnoporus sanguineus. Kayu hibrid Acacia yang
dituai, diasingkan mengikut bahagian pangkal, tengah dan atas, dan kemudian
dirawat dengan minyak panas organik kelapa sawit pada suhu 180°C, 200°C dan
220°C bagi tempoh 30 tahun, 60 dan 90 min. Kayu ini kemudiannya dikering,
dikisar menjadi serbuk dan dikering udara sekali lagi sebelum menjalani ujian
ketahanan cepat makmal. Kayu tanpa rawatan digunakan sebagai kawalan. Ketahanan
kayu yang dirawat ini didapati meningkat ketahanannya dengan peningkatan suhu
dan tempoh rawatan. Rawatan minyak panas ini dapat mengurangkan serangan G.
trabeum daripada 20.89%, 20.94% dan 21.29% dalam kayu kawalan kepada
0.88-4.07%, 1.22-4.84% dan 1.28-4.22% di bahagian bawah, bahagian tengah dan
atas kayu hibrid Acacia. Serangan C. versicolor dapat dikurangkan
daripada 26.59%, 30.28% dan 34.79% kepada 2.89-9.41%, 3.88-16.84% dan
4.27-17.34% di bahagian bawah, tengah dan atas kayu. Walau bagaimanapun, kayu
yang diserang P. sanguineus kurang berkesan dengan 31.42%, 36.33% dan
36.55% kepada 3.26-12.55%, 4.67-15.36% dan 4.69-19.22% di bahagian bawah,
bahagian tengah dan atas. Pembiakan secara besar-besaran mycelia kulat berlaku
kepada kayu hibrid Acacia yang tidak dirawat berbanding dengan kayu yang
mendapat rawatan minyak panas apabila diperhatikan melalui mikroskop elektron
imbasan.
Kata kunci: hibrid Acacia ladang; rawatan minyak panas; inokulasi kulat;
ketahanan; mikroskop elektron imbasan
REFERENCES
Berard,
P., Laurent, T. & Dumonceaud, O. 2006. Use of round wood of chestnut tree
coppices: Crack risk and effects of a hot oil bath treatment. Journal of
Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff 64: 287-293.
Carol,
A.C. & Vina, Y. 2007. Protecting Wood from Mould, Decay and Termites with
Multi-Component Biocide Systems. International Biodeterioration &
Biodegradation 59: 20-24.
Eaton,
R.A. & Hale, M.D.C. 1993. Wood, Decay, Pests and Prevention. London:
Chapman & Hall.
European
Standard EN 113 (BS 6009. Wood preservatives determination of toxic values
against wood destroying basiomycetes cultures on an agar medium.
Hamami,
M.S., Razali, A.K. & Kee, K.T. 1989. Gluing Properties of Three
Fast-growing Plantation Species. Malaysian Forester 52(2): 46-60.
Izyan,
K., Razak, W., Mahmud, S., Othman, S., Affendy, H., Hanim, R.A. & Andy,
R.M. 2010. Chemical Changes in 15 year-old Cultivated Acacia hybrid oil
heat treated at 180, 220 and 220°C. International Journal of Chemistry 2(1):
97-107.
Leithoff,
H. & Peek, R.D. 2001. Heat treatment of bamboo. International Research
Group on Wood Preservation (IRG), Nara, Japan, 20-25 May.
Maria,
L.L., Monica, A.M., Gabriel, D.K. & Marcelo, E.O. 2004. Patterns of decay
caused by Pycnoporus sanguineus and Ganoderma lucidum (Aphyllophorales)
in poplar wood. IAWA Journal 25: 425-433
Othman,
S. 1993. The development of soft rot decay in bamboo cell wall. Ph.D.
dissertation University of London.
Rafidah,
S., Razak, W., Zaidon, A. & Hashim, W.S. 2009. Chemical constituents of
bamboo Gigantochloa scortechinii oil-cured at 140°C, 180°C and 220°C. Journal
of Applied Science 9(1): 149-154.
Razak,
W., Izyan, K., Othman, S., Aminuddin, M., Tamer, A.T. & Rafidah, S. 2011a.
The chemical and strength properties of hot oil thermal modification on 15
year-old cultivated Acacia hybrid. Journal of Applied Sciences
Research 7(4): 517-525.
Razak, W., Izyan, K.,
Roziela, H., Othman, S., Aminuddin, M., & Affendy, H. 2011b. Effects of hot
oil treatment on colour and chemical changes in year-old cultivated Acacia hybrid. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 23(1): 42-50.
Razak, W., Tamizi, M., Othman, S. & Hashim, W.S. 2007.
Durability assessment of chemically treated Gigantochloa scortechinii in
unsterile laboratory burial tests. Journal of Bamboo and Rattan 6:
33-40.
Razak, W.,
Aminuddin, M., Hashim, W.S. & Othman, S. 2005. Effect of heat treatment
using palm oil on properties and durability of Semantan bamboo. Journal of
Bamboo and Rattan 10: 211-220.
Razak, W., Hashim,
W.S., Mahmud, S. & Janshah, M. 2004a. Strength and durability of bamboo
treated through an oil-curing process. Journal of Biological Science 4(5):
658-663.
Razak, W.,
Hashim, W.S., Mahmud, S. & Janshah, M. 2004b. Performance of an oil-cured
tropical bamboo species Gigantochloa scortechinii in a 6 months ground
contacts tests. Journal of Borneo Science 16: 25-32.
Razak, W. 1998.
Effect of selected preservatives on the durability of Gigantochloa
scortechinii. Ph.D. dissertation University of London.
Semsuntud, N.
& Nitiwattanachi, W. 1991. Tissue culture of Acacia auriculiformis.
In Advances in Tropical Acacia Research, ACIAR. 35: 64-66.
Stephen, B.P.,
Marilen, M.P. & Kevin, D.H. 2003. Production of wood decay enzymes, mass
loss and lignin solubilization in wood by tropical xylariaceae. Mycology
Research 107(2): 231-235.
Yammamoto, K.,
Sulaiman, O., Kitingin, C., Choon, L.W. & Nhan, N.T. 2003. Moisuture
Distribution in Stems of Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis and
hybrid Acacia trees. JARQ 37(3): 207-212.
*Corresponding author; email: razak@umk.edu.my
|
|||
|
