Sains Malaysiana 41(5)(2012): 527-538

Leaf Morphological Variations and Heterophyllyin Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae)

(Variasi Morfologi dan Heterofili Daun dalam Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae))

Nashriyah Mat*, Nurrul Akmar Rosni, Nor Zaimah Ab Rashid, Norhaslinda Haron,Zanariah Mohd Nor, Nur Fatihah Hasan Nudin, Abd Ghani Yunus & Abdul Manaf Ali

Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus

21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Received: 29 June 2011 / Accepted: 30 November 2011

ABSTRACT

Six varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) showed leaf morphological variations through quantitative measurement on different plant parts. There were significant differences among six varieties studied by plant parts. The varieties studied include var. deltoidea Corner, var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner, var. trengganuensis Corner, var. bilobata Corner, var. intermedia Corner, and var. kunstleri (King) Corner. The upper, middle and lower plant parts showed morphological variations in terms of leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and petiole length. Qualitative parameters also showed trends in morphological variations in terms of leaf shape, leaf base, leaf apex and leaf attachment. However, some qualitative parameters were not the recommended parameters to differentiate among varieties. On the other hand, leaf heterophylly has occurred in F. deltoidea because foliage of the young plant was different from the mature plant. Leaf heterophylly was observed in leaf shape and leaf apex parameters, whereby leaves from the lower plant parts were different from the upper and middle parts. The heterophylly in leaf shape was detected in varieties angustifolia, bilobata, intermedia and trengganuensis, whilst six varieties of F. deltoidea showed leaf apex heterophylly.

Keywords: Ficus deltoidea Jack; leaf heterophylly; leaf morphological variations; plant parts; variety

ABSTRAK

Enam varieti Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) telah menunjukkan pelbagai variasi morfologi daun melalui ukuran kuantitatif pada bahagian pokok yang berlainan. Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan di antara enam varieti yang dikaji berdasarkan bahagian pokok yang berbeza. Varieti yang yang dikaji termasuklah var. deltoidea Corner, var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner, var. trengganuensis Corner, var. bilobata Corner, var. intermedia Corner, dan var. kunstleri (King) Corner. Bahagian atas, tengah dan bawah pokok menunjukkan pelbagai variasi morfologi dari segi panjang daun, lebar daun, luas permukaan daun dan panjang petiol. Parameter kualitatif juga menunjukkan tren dalam variasi morfologi dari segi bentuk daun, bentuk dasar daun, puncak daun dan lampiran daun. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa parameter kualitatif tidak disyorkan untuk membezakan varieti-varieti berkenaan. Sebaliknya, terdapat heterofili daun pada F. deltoidea kerana dedaun tumbuhan muda berbeza dari pokok yang matang. Heterofili daun diperhatikan pada bentuk daun dan parameter puncak daun, di mana daun dari bahagian pokok yang lebih bawah adalah berbeza dari bahagian-bahagian atas dan tengah. Heterofili dalam bentuk daun dikesan dalam varieti angustifolia, bilobata, intermedia dan trengganuensis, manakala enam varieti F. deltoidea menunjukkan heterofili pada puncak daun.

Kata kunci: Bahagian pokok; Ficus deltoidea Jack; heterofili daun; variasi morfologi daun; varieti

REFERENCES

Berg, C.C. & Corner, E.J.H. 2005. Moraceae (Ficus). Series I – Seed Plants. Flora Malesiana 17(2): 1-729.

Corner, E.J.H. 1960. Taxonomic notes on Ficus Linn, Asia and Australasia: Section 5-6. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore. 18(1): 1-69.

Corner, E.J.H. 1969. The complex of Ficus deltoidea; A recent invasion of the Sunda Shelf. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 256: 281-317.

Desaku. 2005. Mas cotek/ Ficus deltoidea mistletoe fig (Moraceae). http://www.bio-asli.com/Herba/e_Herba/e_mascotek.asp (27 August, 2009).

Jasper, J.A., Bagay, C.K.C., Asenscion, A.S., Agoo, E.M.G. & Medecilo, M.M. 2006. Comparative study of the leaf morphology of Epipremnum Schott and Rhaphidophora Hassk. (Araceae) in the Philippines. Philippines Journal of Systematic Biology. http://www.philjol.info/index.php/PJSB/article/viewPDFInterstitial/905/831 (27 August 2009).

Kochummen, K.M. & Rusea, G. 2000. Moraceae. Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak 3: 181-334.

Laman, T.G. & Weiblen, G.D. 1998. Figs of Gunung Palung Nasional Park (West Kalimantan, Indonesia). Tropical Biodiversity 5(3): 245-297.

Lansky, E.P. & Paavilainen, H.M. 2011. Figs: The Genus Ficus. London New York: CRC Press Boca Raton

Simpson, M.G. 2006. Plant Systematics. Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press.

Starr, F., Starr, K. & Loope, L. 2003. Ficus deltoidea (Mistletoe fig). U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division.http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/ficus_deltoidea.htm (12 July 2009)

Sulaiman, M.R., Hussain, M.K., Zakaria, Z.A., Somchit, M.N., Moin, S., Mohamad, A.S. & Israf, D. A. 2008. Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract. Fitoterapia 79: 557-561.

Turner, I.M. 1995. Catalogue of the vascular plants in Malaya. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-757.

Wilde, S.A., Voigt, G.K. & Iyer, J.G. 1972. Soil and Plant Analysis for Tree Culture. New Delhi, Bombay & Calcutta. Oxford & IBH Pub. Co.,

*Corresponding author; email: nashriyah@unisza.edu.my