Sains Malaysiana 43(9)(2014): 1295–1304

Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Leptospermum flavescens

in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

(Aktiviti Antidiabetik Ekstrak Akues Leptospermum flavescens dalam Tikus Diinduksi Aloksan)

ASMAWATI ABD RAHIM, JAMALUDIN MOHAMAD* & ZAZALI ALIAS

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 28 December 2012/Accepted: 28 January 2014

ABSTRACT

Leptospermum flavescens, commonly known as ‘Gelam bukit’ has been used by the Malays as traditional plants in Malaysia for antidiabetic treatment. However, at this moment there is no scientific evidence and data available to validate such claim. In the present study, the aqueous extract of leaves and stems were studied for its antidiabetic activity. The total phenols and flavonoids were determined and correlated with antidiabetic activity. The detection of aqueous leaves extract with LCMS/MS showed the presence of flavonoids aromadendrin glucoside, kaempferol rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside and vindoline. The extract has significantly inhibited glycogen phosphorylase at 85% with IC₅₀ = 0.18 mg/mL. In the alloxan induced diabetic rats showed that extract at 500 mg/kg decreased significantly fasting plasma glucose level by 61.9% (p<0.001) on the 20th day as compared to diabetic control. The treatment with Leptospermum flavescens at 500 mg/kg showed that it decreased the total cholesterol and triglycerides but restored the HDL level. The high antidiabetic activity was correlated with high total phenol at 1.57±0.01 GAE/g and total flavonoids at 1.41±0.01 mg QE/g. Thus, the high antidiabetic activity of the aqueous leaves extract attributed due to the presence of aromadendron glucoside, kaempferol rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside and vindoline in aqueous extract of Leptospermum flavescens.

Keywords: Antidiabetics; flavonoids; glycogen phosphorylase; Leptospermum flavescens; phenols

ABSTRAK

Leptospermum flavescens yang lazimnya dikenali sebagai Gelam bukit telah digunakan oleh orang Melayu dalam perubatan tradisi untuk rawatan diabetes. Walau bagaimanapun, pada masa ini tiada bukti saintifik dan data tersedia untuk mengesahkan dakwaan tersebut. Dalam kajian ini, ekstrak akues daun dan batang dikaji untuk aktiviti antidiabetiknya. Jumlah fenol dan flavonoid ditentukan dan berkorelasi dengan aktiviti antidiabetik. Pengesanan ekstrak akues daun dengan LCMS/MS menunjukan kehadiran flavonoid glikosida aromadendrin, kaempferol rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside dan vindoline. Ekstrak mempunyai rencatan signifikan glikogen fosforilase pada 85% dengan IC₅₀ = 0.18 mg/mL. Di dalam tikus induksi diabetik aloksan menunjukkan ekstrak pada 500 mg/kg signifikan menurunkan paras glukosa plasma puasa sebanyak 61.9% (p<0.001) pada hari ke 20 berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. Perlakuan dengan Leptospermum flavescens pada 500 mg/kg menunjukkan penurunan jumlah kolesterol dan trigliserida tetapi mengekalkan paras HDL. Aktiviti antidiabetik yang tinggi berkorelasi dengan jumlah fenol pada 1.57±0.01 GAE/g dan jumlah flavonoid pada 1.41±0.01 mg QE/g. Maka, aktiviti antidiabetik yang tinggi ekstrak akues daun adalah disebabkan kehadiran glikosida aromadendron, kaempferol rhamnoside, quercetin rhamnoside dan vindoline di dalam ekstrak akues Leptospermum flavescens.

Kata kunci: Antidiabetik; fenol; flavonoids; glikogen fosforilase; Leptospermum flavescens

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*Corresponding author; email: jamal@um.edu.my