Sains Malaysiana 45(12)(2016): 1779–1785

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2016-4512-01

 

Mekanisme Pembentukan Apatit pada Permukaan Sampel β-Wolastonit yang Dihasilkan daripada Abu Sekam Padi

(Mechanism of Apatite Formation on β-wollastonite Sample Surface Synthesized from

Rice Husk Ash)

 

HAMISAH ISMAIL, ROSLINDA SHAMSUDIN*, MUHAMMAD AZMI ABDUL HAMID

& ROZIDAWATI AWANG

 

Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Recieved: 8 October 2015/Accepted: 25 March 2016

 

ABSTRAK

Mekanisme pembentukan apatit pada permukaan β-wolastonit dikaji. β-wolastonit dihasilkan daripada teknik sol-gel menggunakan abu sekam dan batu kapur terkalsin sebagai bahan pemula dengan nisbah CaO:SiO2 adalah 55:45. Kebioaktifan sampel β-wolastonit dikaji dengan merendam sampel berbentuk silinder dalam larutan simulasi badan (SBF) untuk tempoh yang ditetapkan iaitu 1, 3, 7 dan 14 hari. Komposisi permukaan, morfologi dan perubahan struktur sampel sebelum dan selepas direndam dianalisis melalui pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan mikroskop elektron imbasan (FESEM) yang digabungkan dengan EDX. Keputusan XRD menunjukkan fasa β-wolastonit berjaya dihasilkan selepas dimasukkan ke dalam autoklaf untuk 8 jam pada suhu 135°C pada tekanan 0.24 MPa dan disinter 2 jam pada suhu 950°C. Apatit didapati tumbuh pada permukaan sampel β-wolastonit selepas 7 hari rendaman dalam larutan SBF. Semasa proses rendaman dalam larutan SBF, 2 jenis kumpulan kalsium fosfat dihasilkan iaitu amorfus kalsium fosfat (ACP) selepas 3 hari rendaman dengan julat nisbah Ca/P 1.2-2.02 dan pada hari ke-14 membentuk hidroskiapatit kurang kalsium (CDHA) dengan nisbah Ca/P 1.63. Perubahan fasa sampel β-wolastonit daripada keadaan hablur kepada amorfus jelas terbukti daripada keputusan XRD selepas direndam dalam SBF dengan penurunan puncak keamatan bagi sampel β-wolastonit pada sudut belauan 30°. Ini mengukuhkan mekanisme pembentukan lapisan apatit pada permukaan sampel β-wolastonit dan ianya bersifat bioaktif.

 

Kata kunci: Abu sekam; apatit; batu kapur terkalsin; β-wolastonit; kebioaktifan

 

ABSTRACT

The mechanism of apatite formation on the β-wollastonite surface was studied. β-wollastonite was produced using the sol-gel technique from rice husk ash and calcined limestone as the starting material with CaO:SiO2 ratio of 55:45. Bioactivity of the β-wollastonite sample was studied by immersing a cylindrical form sample in a simulation body fluid solution (SBF) for a period of 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Surface composition, morphology and structural of the sample before and after immersion were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (FESEM) coupled with EDX. The XRD results showed that β-wollastonite was successful obtained after autoclaving for 8 h at 135°C, with pressure at 0.24 MPa and sintered for 2 h at 950°C. Apatite was found to growth on the surface of β-wollastonite after 7 days of immersion in the SBF solution. During immersion in the SBF solution, two types of calcium phosphate groups were obtained, which is amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) after 3 days of immersion with Ca/P ratio in the range of 1.2-2.02 and on the 14th day, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) is formed with the molar ratio Ca/P 1.63. Phase transformation from crystalline to an amorphous was clearly been detected from the XRD results through the decreasing of the peak intensity at 2 theta of 30.00 after immersing in the SBF. This supports the occurring of apatite formation mechanism on the β-wollastonite surface and possesses bioactive property.

 

Keywords: Apatite; bioactivity; β-wollastonite; calcined limestone; rice husk ash

 

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*Corresponding author; email: linda@ukm.edu.my