Sains Malaysiana 45(4)(2016): 633–641

Study and Characterisation of the Post Processing Ageing of Sago Pith Waste Biocomposites

(Kajian dan Pencirian Penuaan Pasca Pemprosesan Biokomposit Hampas Empulur Sagu)

 

 

JAU CHOY LAI1*, WAN AIZAN WAN ABDUL RAHMAN1,2, LUC AVÉROUS3

& TECK HOCK LIM4

 

1Biopolymer Research Group, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai,

Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

 

2Centre for Composites, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Darul Takzim

Malaysia

 

3BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France

 

4Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak

53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

Received: 8 July 2015/Accepted: 22 October 2015

 

ABSTRACT

This paper report the post-processing ageing phenomena of thermoplastic sago starch (TPS) and plasticised sago pith waste (SPW), which were processed using twin-screw extrusion and compression moulding techniques. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that after processing, starch molecules rearranged into VH-type (which was formed rapidly right post processing and concluded within 4 days) and B-type (which was formed slowly over a period of months) crystallites. Evidence from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses corroborated the 2-stage crystallisation process, which observed changes in peak styles and peak intensities (at 1043 and 1026 cm-1), and band-narrowing. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies showed that the thermal stability of plasticised SPW declined continuously for 90 days before gradual increments ensued. For all formulations tested, post-processing ageing led to drastic changes in the tensile strength (increased) and elongation at break (decreased). Glycerol and fibres restrained the retrogradation of starch molecules in TPS and SPW.

 

Keywords: Retrogradation; sago pith waste; thermoplastic starch; thermal degradation; tensile properties

 

ABSTRAK

Kertas ini melaporkan fenomena penuaan pasca pemprosesan kanji sagu termoplastik (TPS) dan hampas empulur sagu memplastik (SPW) yang diproses menggunakan teknik penyemperitan skru berkembar dan pengacuan mampatan. Analisis pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) menunjukkan bahawa selepas pemprosesan, molekul kanji disusun semula ke dalam hablur jenis VH (berlaku dengan cepat selepas pemprosesan dan selesai dalam tempoh 4 hari) dan jenis B (berlaku secara perlahan dalam tempoh beberapa bulan). Bukti daripada analisis transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) menyokong proses penghabluran 2-peringkat, yang menunjukkan perubahan dalam gaya dan keamatan puncak (pada 1043 dan 1026 cm-1) dan jalur-penyempitan. Analisis termogravimetri (TGA) menunjukkan bahawa kestabilan haba untuk SPW terplastik menurun secara berterusan selama 90 hari sebelum kenaikan secara beransur-ansur berlaku. Untuk semua formulasi yang diuji, penuaan pasca pemprosesan membawa kepada perubahan drastik dalam kekuatan tegangan (bertambah) dan pemanjangan pada waktu rehat (menurun). Gliserol dan serat menghalang retrogradasi molekul kanji dalam TPS dan SPW.

Kata kunci: Hampas empulur sago memplastik; kanji termoplastik; penurunan terma; retrogradasi; sifat tegangan

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*Corresponding author; email: jclai@cheme.utm.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

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