Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 777–785

Dengue Vector Control in Malaysia: A Review for Current and Alternative Strategies

(Kawalan Vektor Denggi di Malaysia: Semakan Kajian Semasa dan Strategi Alternatif)

SONG-QUAN ONG*

Vector Control Research Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

KDU University College Penang, Jalan Anson, George Town, 10400 George Town,

Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Received: 13 April 2015/Accepted: 24 November 2015

ABSTRACT

Dengue is a major issue in Malaysia as the dramatic emerge of infection. Yet an effective vaccine or medicine is not yet available, although many attempts are undergoing. Dengue vector control is still considered the most effective way for controlling and preventing the transmission of dengue virus. Nonetheless, as the conventional approaches are less successful in managing the dengue transmission, it is time to review the current applied and other available approaches. Current dengue vector relied greatly on the chemical approach as space treatment either thermal or ULV fogging, however, the approach seem like under the expectation. Beside space treatment, new control methods for example biological control (bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites) and attractive trap were carried out at certain location of Malaysia. Moreover, new emerged approaches such as mass release of genetic modification or artificially Wolbachia infected male dengue vector for the objective of generating sterile offspring when mate with wild population is urge to be tested in Malaysia, although concerns have to be taken before the actual mass release. In conclusion, control of dengue vector shall not consist exclusively for a single approach, neither genetic modification of artificially Wolbachia infected technique, nor the conventional insecticidal treatment. It should, however, comprise of the environment management as the fundamental approach, a well-planned integrated control program and a good cooperation among the organization.

Keywords: Aedes; dengue control; dengue vector; Malaysia; strategies

ABSTRAK

Denggi merupakan isu yang penting di Malaysia disebabkan oleh kemunculan jangkitan yang dramatik. Namun, vaksin atau perubatan yang berkesan masih belum diperoleh walaupun banyak cubaan sedang dijalankan. Kawalan vektor denggi masih dianggap sebagai cara yang paling berkesan untuk mengawal dan mencegah penyebaran virus denggi. Namun begitu, cara kawalan konvensional kurang berjaya dalam pencegahan denggi; ia merupakan masa untuk mengkaji kaedah sedia ada dan cara lain yang berpotensi. Kini, kawalan vektor denggi sangat bergantung kepada kawalan kimia iaitu rawatan ruang sama ada terma atau ULV fogging, walau bagaimanapun, kaedah ini adalah di bawah jangkaan. Selain rawatan ruang, kaedah kawalan seperti kawalan biologi (bakteria Bacillus thuringiensis, nyamuk pemangsa Toxorhynchites) dan perangkap telah dijalankan di lokasi tertentu di Malaysia. Selain itu, kaedah baru yang muncul seperti pelepasan populasi pengubahsuaian genetik ataupun infeksi Wolbachia pada vektor denggi jantan dengan objektif untuk menghasilkan anak yang disteril apabila disenyawakan dengan populasi liar telah dicadangkan di Malaysia, walaupun pengawasan perlu diberi perhatian sebelum pelepasan yang sebenar. Kesimpulannya, kawalan vektor denggi tidak hanya terdiri daripada pendekatan tunggal atau teknik modifikasi genetik infeksi buatan Wolbachia, ataupun rawatan racun serangga konvensional. Ia sepatutnya terdiri daripada pengurusan alam sekitar untuk vektor denggi sebagai kaedah asas, program kawalan yang pelbagai dan dirancang dengan baik serta kerjasama yang baik antara organisasi.

Kata kunci: Aedes; kawalan denggi; Malaysia; strategi; vektor denggi

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*Corresponding author; email: songguan26@gmail.com