Sains Malaysiana 46(5)(2017): 677–684

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4605-01

Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Antarctic Peninsula Rocks: Schmidt Hammer

Rebound Test

(Kekuatan Mampatan Sepaksi Batuan Semenanjung Antartika: Ujian Pantulan Tukul Schmidt)

GOH THIAN LAI¹*, NUR AMANINA MAZLAN¹, MOHD SHAHRUL MOHD NADZIR¹, ABDUL GHANI RAFEK², AILIE SOFYIANA SERASA³, AZIMAH HUSSIN¹, LEE KHAI ERN⁴

& FOONG SWEE YEOK⁵

¹School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Department of Geosciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

³Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Technology

and Built Environment, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory

Malaysia

⁴Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁵School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Pulau Pinang

Malaysia

Received: 27 May 2016/Accepted: 18 October 2016

ABSTRACT

The uniaxial compressive strength test is a destructive and time consuming test. A number of non-destructive methods using portable testing equipment are more applicable and easier to conduct. This paper presents the results of a systematic approach to determine the uniaxial compressive strength of rock material using the Schmidt hammer rebound test. A total of five distinct locations (Graham Coast, Davis Coast, Nanson Island, Danco Coast and Trinity Island) were tested using the Schmidt rebound hammer test. Peninsula Antarctic located at northwest of Antarctic region comprising of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Statistical analysis of the results at 95% confidence level showed the Schmidt rebound value of the Graham Coast ranges from 40±1.7 to 41±1.3 with standard deviation of 8.2 to 6.4. The rebound value for Davis Coast was 39±1.6 with standard deviation of 7.7. Rocks from Nanson Island and Danco Coast have the Schmidt rebound value of 54±1.7 with standard deviation of 8.0 and 36±1.3 with standard deviation of 6.2, respectively. The Schmidt rebound value of rocks at Trinity Island ranges from 29±1.4 to 32±1.7 with standard deviation of 6.8 to 8.1. Thus, the respective uniaxial compressive strengths of rock materials from Graham Coast, Davis Coast, Danco Coast, Nanson Island and Trinity Island were 73-108, 50, 59, 164 and 45-59 MPa. The respective ISRM strength classification of rock materials of Graham Coast, Davis Coast, Danco Coast, Nanson Island and Trinity Island were strong (R4) to very strong rock (R5), medium strong rock (R3), strong rock (R4), very strong rock (R5) and medium strong (R3) to strong rock (R4). The results showed a mean of quantification of rock material strength based on the Schmidt Hammer rebound test in Antarctic Peninsula.

Keywords: Rock material; Schmidt hammer rebound value; uniaxial compressive strength

ABSTRAK

Ujian kekuatan mampatan sepaksi adalah ujian memusnah dan memakan masa. Beberapa kaedah tidak-musnah yang menggunakan peralatan ujian mudah alih adalah lebih diterima pakai dan mudah untuk dijalankan. Kertas ini membentangkan keputusan menggunakan pendekatan yang sistematik untuk menentukan kekuatan mampatan sepaksi bahan batu dengan menggunakan ujian pantulan tukul Schmidt. Sebanyak lima lokasi (Pantai Graham, Pantai Davis, Pulau Nanson, Pantai Danco dan Pulau Trinity) telah diuji menggunakan ujian pantulan tukul Schmidt. Semenanjung Antartik yang terletak di barat laut Wilayah Antartik terdiri daripada batuan igneus dan metamorfik. Keputusan analisis statistik pada tahap keyakinan 95% menunjukkan nilai pantulan Schmidt pantai Graham berjulat dari 40±1.7 ke 41±1.3 dengan sisihan piawai sebanyak 8.2 ke 6.4. Nilai pantulan pantai Davis adalah 39±1.6 dengan sisihan piawai sebanyak 7.7. Batuan dari Pulau Nanson dan Pantai Danco mempunyai nilai pantulan Schmidt masing-masing sebanyak 54±1.7 dengan sisihan piawai 8.0 dan 36±1.3 dengan sisihan piawai sebanyak 6.2. Nilai pantulan Schmidt untuk batuan di Pulau Trinity adalah dari 29±1.4 hingga 32±1.7 dengan sisihan piawai sebanyak 6.8 ke 8.1. Oleh itu, kekuatan mampatan sepaksi bahan batuan masing-masing dari Pantai Graham, Pantai Davis, Pantai Danco, Pulau Nanson dan Pulau Trinity adalah 73-108, 50, 59, 164 dan 45-59 MPa. Pengelasan kekuatan ISRM bahan batuan untuk Pantai Graham, pantai Davis, Pantai Danco, Pulau Nanson dan Pulau Trinity masing-masing adalah kuat (R4) ke batuan yang sangat kuat (R5), batuan sederhana kuat (R3), batuan kuat (R4), batuan sangat kuat (R5) dan sederhana kuat (R3) ke batuan kuat (R4). Keputusan ini menunjukkan satu purata kekuatan bahan batuan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan ujian pantulan tukul Schmidt di Semenanjung Antartik.

Kata kunci: Bahan batuan; kekuatan mampatan sepaksi; nilai pantulan tukul Schmidt

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*Corresponding author; email: gdsbgoh@gmail.com