Sains Malaysiana 48(7)(2019): 1539–1545

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-23

A Short Review on Cockle Shells as Biomaterials in the Context of Bone Scaffold Fabrication

(Kajian Ringkas Cengkerang Kerang sebagai Bio-Bahan dalam Konteks Fabrikasi Perancah Tulang)

PENNY GEORGE¹, ZARIYANTEY ABDUL HAMID¹, MD ZUKI ABU BAKAR@ZAKARIA², ENOCH KUMAR PERIMAL³ & HEMABARATHY BHARATHAM¹*

¹Biomedical Science Programme, School of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 9 September 2018/Accepted: 11 April 2019

ABSTRACT

Cockle shells contribute to a large amount of waste product in South East Asia due to the extensive culturing of the mollusc for consumption. These nacreous materials in the recent years have been gaining wider popularity due to its potential use as biomaterials. As shown in various studies, cockle shell powder consists of 95-98% aragonite form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The calcium carbonate obtained from cockle shells are easily converted into nanoparticles, which have shown encouraging results in bone tissue grafting. With the recent advancement in bone tissue engineering and development of a newer generation of biomaterial based bone scaffolds, the cockle shell powder has promising applications in the near future to be used in the formulation of bone grafting materials. In this review, the use of biomaterials in bone tissue grafting and nacreous materials as potential biomaterials with a focus on the cockle shell and its recent advancement as the main component in the formulation of a nanobiocomposite bone scaffold is discussed.

Keywords: Biomaterial; bone tissue grafting; cockle shell

ABSTRAK

Kulit kerang menyumbang kepada sejumlah besar sisa di Asia Tenggara disebabkan oleh industri ternakan kerang yang berleluasa. Kebelakangan ini penggunaan bahan-bahan nakreus sebagai salah satu jenis biobahan yang berpotensi tinggi semakin mendapat perhatian. Hasil kajian sebelum ini menunjukkan bahawa kulit kerang mengandungi 96-98% kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dalam bentuk polimorf aragonite. Fasa aragonite ini didapati mudah ditukar kepada fasa nano yang menunjukkan hasil yang memberangsangkan dalam kejuruteraan tisu tulang. Dengan kemajuan dalam bidang kejuruteraan tisu tulang serta pembangunan perancah tulang generasi baru berasaskan biobahan, serbuk kulit kerang didapati sesuai digunakan untuk pelbagai aplikasi termasuk formulasi bahan cantuman tulang. Penggunaan biobahan untuk aplikasi kejuruteraan tisu tulang dan potensi biobahan berasaskan bahan-bahan nakreus terutamanya kulit kerang serta penggunaannya sebagai salah satu komponen utama dalam pembangunan perancah tulang nanobiokomposit dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini.

Kata kunci: Biobahan; kulit kerang; penyambungan tisu tulang

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*Corresponding author; email: hema@ukm.edu.my