Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2345-2358

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-02

Assessing the Relationship between Pollution Sources and Water Quality Parameters of Sungai Langat Basin using Association Rule Mining

(Menilai Hubunganantara Sumber Pencemaran dan Parameter Kualiti Air di Lembangan Sungai Langat menggunakan Peraturan Persatuan Perlombongan)

NURIZAH ABDUL HASIB & ZALINDA OTHMAN*

Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 18 September 2019/Accepted: 6 May 2020

ABSTRACT

Due to water pollution, the water quality in Sungai Langat Basin is declining. This study was conducted in this regard to identify the sources of pollution and to analyse the relationship between sources of pollution and water quality parameters. The Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) has provided data on pollution sources and water quality. Both data are combined and pre-processed through association rule mining for further modelling processes. Apriori algorithm was used to generate rules in finding any relationships between sources of pollution and water quality parameters. Water quality experts had analysed and validated the generated rules. The analysis of expert acceptance showed that 65% of the formulated rules were agreed by the experts while 35% of the rules were disagreed. Furthermore, the findings showed that all experts agreed that there was a relation between NH₃-N values ranging from 0.9 to 2.7 and the sewage as a source of pollution. Besides, as agreed by all experts, either effluent, sewage or livestock is the pollution source of Sungai Langat.

Keywords: Association rule mining; pollution source identification; Sungai Langat Basin; water pollution

ABSTRAK

Kualiti air di Lembangan Sungai Langat semakin merosot ekoran daripada pencemaran air yang berlaku. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti punca pencemaran dan menganalisis hubungan antara punca pencemaran dan parameter kualiti air. Data punca pencemaran dan data kualiti air diperoleh daripada Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia. Kedua-dua data digabungkan dan diproseslebih awal menggunakan kaedah perlombongan petua sekutuan untuk digunakan dalam proses pemodelan seterusnya. Algoritma Apriori yang terdapat dalam kaedah perlombongan petua sekutuan digunakan untuk mendapatkan petua yang mengaitkan hubungan antara punca pencemaran dan parameter kualiti air. Petua yang dijana dianalisis sebelum disahkan oleh pakar. Analisis penerimaan pakar menunjukkan rumusan petua yang dipersetujui oleh pakar adalah sebanyak 65% manakala 35% tidak dipersetujui oleh pakar. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan semua pakar bersetuju bahawa terdapat hubungan antara nilaiNH₃-N dalam lingkungan 0.9 hingga 2.7 dengan punca pencemaran kumbahan. Selain itu, punca pencemaran Sungai Langat yang telah dipersetujui oleh semua pakar adalah sama ada efluen, kumbahan atau ternakan.

Kata kunci: Lembangan Sungai Langat; pencemaran air; pengenalan punca pencemaran; perlombongan petua sekutuan

REFERENCES

Abidin, M.Z., Kutty, A.A., Lihan, T. & Zakaria, N.A. 2018. Hydrological change effects on Sungai Langat water quality. Sains Malaysiana 47(7): 1401-1411.

Agrawal, R. & Srikant, R. 1994. Fast algorithms for mining association. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases. pp. 487-499.

Agrawal, R., Road, H. & Jose, S. 1993. Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases. Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMOD Conference. pp. 1-11.

Ahmad, S., Kutty, A.A., Raji, F. & Saimy, I.S. 2015. Water quality classification based on water quality index in Sungai Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi 77(30): 139-144.

Al-Badaii, F., Abdul Halim, A. & Shuhaimi-Othman, M. 2016. Evaluation of dissolved heavy metals in water of the Sungai Semenyih (Peninsular Malaysia) using environmetric methods. Sains Malaysiana 45(6): 841-852.

Anon. 2016. Factories along Sungai Langat and Sungai Semantan Caused Water Treatment Plants to Shut Down. The Star Online, 8 November.

Chan, N.W. 2012. Managing urban rivers and water quality in Malaysia for sustainable water resources. International Journal of Water Resources Development 28(2): 343-354.

Department of Environment (DOE). 2016. Environmental Quality Report 2016.

Department of Environment (DOE). 2015. Environmental Quality Report 2015.

Department of Environment (DOE). 2012. Environmental Quality Report 2012.

Fahrudin, T.M., Syarif, I. & Barakbah, A.R. 2017. Discovering patterns of NED-breast cancer based on association rules using apriori and FP-growth. International Electronics Symposium on Knowledge Creation and Intelligent Computing (IES-KCIC). pp. 132-139.

Fayyad, U., Piatetsky-Shapiro, G. & Smyth, P. 1996. From data mining to knowledge discovery in databases. American Association for Artificial Intelligence 9078(3): 637-648.

Gandhi, N. & Armstrong, L.J. 2016. Assessing impact of seasonal rainfall on rice crop yield of Rajasthan, India using Association Rule Mining. International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). pp. 1021-1024.

Gasim, M.B., Zakaria, N., Umar, R. & Mustafa, A.D. 2015. Analisis kualiti air fiziko-kimia dan kandungan mikrob di Hulu Sungai Langat, Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 19(5): 1072-1083.

Gasim, M.B., Jamil, M., Rahim, S.A. & Toriman, M.E. 2009. Water-quality assessment of the Langat River at Kilometre 7, Jalan Kajang-Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. The Arab World Geographer 12(3-4): 188-198.

Gour, S., Jaloree, S. & Gour, M. 2016. Water Quality assessment using association rule mining for River Narmada. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9(10): 1-5.

Harun, N.A., Makhtar, M., Abd Aziz, A., Zakaria, Z.A., Abdullah, F.S. & Jusoh, J.A. 2017. The application of apriori algorithm in predicting flood areas. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 7(3): 763-769.

Juahir, H., M. Zain, S., Yusoff, M.K., Tengku Hanidza, T.I., Armi, A.S.M., Toriman, M.E. & Mokhtar, M. 2011. Spatial water quality assessment of Langat River Basin (Malaysia) using environmetric techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 173(1-4): 625-641.

Khairul, A.M., Juhari, M.A. & Ibrahim, A. 2000. GIS aided groundwater potential mapping of the Langat Basin. Geological Society of Malaysia Annual Geological Conference 2000. pp. 405-410.

Liang, T.Y. 2015. Sungai Semenyih Plant Resumes Operations, Water Supply to Return in Stages. The Star Online, 3 March.

Malaysia. 2005. Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

Mazlinda, M. 2015. High Level of manganese, ammonia forces closure of Sg Semenyih water treatment plant. New Straits Times, 3 March.

Nahar, J., Imam, T., S.Tickle, K. & Chen, Y.P.P. 2013. Association rule mining to detect factors which contribute to heart disease in males and females. Expert Systems with Applications 40(4): 1086-1093.

Othman, Z.A., Ismail, N., Bakar, A.A., Latif, M.T. & Abdullah, S.M.S. 2018. Rules discovery of high ozone in Klang areas using data mining approach. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 8(6): 2683-2689.

Selangor Town and Country Planning Department (STCPD). 2012. Laporan Tinjauan Kajian Rancangan Struktur Negeri Selangor 2035: Bekalan Air.

Wu, B., Zhang, D., Lan, Q. & Zheng, J. 2008. An efficient frequent patterns mining algorithm based on Apriori algorithm and the FP-tree structure. Third 2008 International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology, South Korea.

Yabing, J. 2013. Research of an improved apriori algorithm in data mining association rules. International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering 2(1): 25-27.

Zhao, Q. & Bhowmick, S.S. 2003. Association Rule Mining: A Survey. Technical Report, CAIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, No. 2003116.

Zubir, M.R.M., Osman, R. & Saim, N. 2016. Chemometric analysis of selected organic contaminants in surface water of Langat River basin. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 20(2): 278-287.

*Corresponding author; email: zalinda@ukm.edu.my