Sains Malaysiana 49(7)(2020): 1669-1686

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4907-18

Organic Extracts of Asian Plants Potentially Support Thrombolysis in Varied BMI Groups

(Ekstrak Organik TumbuhanAsia Berpotensi Menyokong Trombolisis dalam Kumpulan BMI Berbeza)

MD. IMTIAZUL KABIR^1,2, MD. MOMINUR RAHMAN², MD. ATIAR RAHMAN³*, A.T.M. MOSTAFA KAMAL², MD. ADNAN^2,4, REEDWAN BIN ZAFAR AUNIQ^2,5, MD. NAZIM UDDIN CHY², MD. MEHEDI HASAN², MD. AREEFUL HAQUE^2,6, M. MOSHAREF HOSSAIN BHUIYAN⁷, DINA HAJJAR⁸, ARWA A. MAKKI⁸ & WALLA ALELWANI⁸

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57007, United States of America

²Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh

³Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh

⁴College of Biomedical Science, Department of Bio-Health Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea

⁵School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 8016, Thailand

⁶Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁷Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh

⁸Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 80203, Saudi Arabia

Received: 10 September 2019/Accepted: 23 March 2020

ABSTRACT

A number of plant-derived drugs have been prescribed for treating atherothrombotic disorders such as myocardial or cerebral infarction. Therefore, this study investigated the individual and combined antithrombotic effects of six Asian plants on individuals with various BMIs. Venous blood drawn from healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots and treated with six organic fractions of Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne, Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Syzygium operculatum L., Lantana camara L., and Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. using the clot-lysis method. The weight of the clot before and after treatment provided the percentage of clot lysis. Variations in clot lysis in different BMI groups were assessed. A. ilicifolius induced the most thrombolytic activity, whereas L. camara showed slightly lower thrombolytic activity. The maximum clot-lysis activity was primarily observed in different fractions of O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, and A. ilicifolius. However, chloroform fractions of all plants except O. harrisana and L. camara showed maximum activity in individual plants. O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, L. camara, and A. ilicifolius showed the highest significant (P < 0.5 and P < 0.001) clot-lysis activity viz., 46.60±0.79% (ethyl acetate), 55.40±1.023% (chloroform), 48.86±1.35% (CCl₄), 44.89±1.76% (chloroform), 29.17±1.12% (ethanol), and 56.318±1.64% (chloroform). Obtained results were verified by ligand-receptor interaction through in silico approach. In conclusion, H. cordifolia, E. alba, and A. ilicifolius demonstrated promising thrombolytic effects; therefore, it is recommended that they be studied further for their therapeutic potential.

Keywords: A. ilicifolius; E. alba; H. cordifolia; streptokinase; thrombolysis

ABSTRAK

Terdapat beberapa jenis ubat yang berasal daripada tumbuhan telah ditetapkan penggunaannya untuk merawat gangguan aterotrombotik seperti infarksi miokardium atau serebrum. Oleh itu, kajian ini mengkaji kesan aterotrombotik daripada enam jenis tumbuhan Asia individu dan gabungan terhadap individu dengan nilai BMIs yang bervariasi. Darah vena yang diambil daripada sukarelawan yang sihat dibenarkan untuk membentuk bekuan darah dan dirawat dengan enam pecahan organik iaituOphiorrhiza harrisianaHeyne, Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Syzygium operculatum L., Lantana camara L. dan Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. dengan menggunakan kaedah lisis bekuan. Berat bekuan sebelum dan selepas rawatan memberi peratusan lisis bekuan. Variasi dalam lisis bekuan dalam kumpulan BMI yang berbeza telah dikaji. Aktiviti trombolitik paling tinggi telah teraruh daripadaA. ilicifolius, manakala L. camara menunjukkan aktiviti trombolitik yang sedikit rendah. Aktiviti maksimum lisis bekuan diperhati terutama sekali dalam pecahan yang berbeza daripada O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum dan A. ilicifolius. Namun, pecahan kloroform daripada semua tumbuhan selain daripada O. harrisana dan L. camara menunjukkan aktiviti maksimum dalam tumbuhan individu. O. harrisana, H. cordifolia, E. alba, S. operculatum, L. camara  dan A. ilicifolius menunjukkan nilai ketara tertinggi (P < 0.5 dan P < 0.001) aktiviti lisis bekuan viz., 46.60±0.79% (etil asetat), 55.40±1.023% (kloroform), 48.86±1.35% (CCl₄), 44.89±1.76% (kloroform), 29.17±1.12% (etanol) dan 56.318±1.64% (kloroform). Keputusan yang diperoleh disahkan oleh interaksi ligan-reseptor melalui pendekatan in silico. Kesimpulannya, H. cordifolia, E. alba dan A. ilicifolius menunjukkan kesan trombolitik yang berpotensi: Oleh itu, adalah disarankan ia dikaji dengan lebih lanjut untuk potensi terapeutiknya.

Kata kunci: A. ilicifolius; E. alba; H. cordifolia; streptokinase; trombolisis

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*Corresponding author; email: atiar@cu.ac.bd