Sains Malaysiana 50(2)(2021): 361-371

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5002-08

Thermal and Mechanical Characterisation of Poly(ω -Hydroxy Pelargonate): A Preliminary Study for Bioplastic

(Pencirian Terma dan Mekanik Poli(ω-Pelargonat Hidroksi): Kajian Awal untuk Bioplastik)

SITI FAIEZA ABD HADI, MUHAMMAD FADHLI KAMARUZAMAN, JUMAT SALIMON & MOHD FIRDAUS MOHD YUSOFF*

Center for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 4 November 2019/Accepted: 21 July 2020

ABSTRACT

Poly(ω-hydroxy pelargonate) or P(ω-OHP) is a potential biodegradable plastic which was prepared by melt condensation of its monomer (ω-hydroxy pelargonic acid). In this study, the performances of P(ω-OHP) in thermal and mechanical aspects, as well as the method employed for the monomer preparation was presented. Although this type of monomer is well established for pharmaceutical and cosmetic application, its possibility to be applied in bioplastic has not been extensively studied. Previous research also showed that the monomer preparation was rather complicated, expansive, and hazardous. Thus, this study offers the safe method through chemical modification which conducted in mild condition. The monomer structure was verified by using ESI-MS at 173.1 m/z with 92% purity. After melt-condensation process was carried out at 190 °C for 4 h, the formation of P(ω-OHP) was identified by the present of methylene ester bond indicated on ¹H NMR peak at 4.05 ppm. The thermal properties were analyzed by DSC, TGA, and rheometer. P(ω-OHP) was melted at 72.8 °C and start to degrade at 220 °C with rheology analysis represented Newtonian flow at 80 and 180 °C. P(ω-OHP) contains 73.5% degree of crystallinity as determined by XRD with fewer amorphous area has affecting low mechanical value in hardness (31) and compressive strength (modulus 47.3 MPa, yield 1.03 MPa). The results suggest that P(ω-OHP) is thermally stable and physically hard and brittle. The findings have implications for bioplastic custom and subjected to improvement via polymer blending or block co-polymerization for application flexibility.

Keywords: Bioplastic; characterization; omega hydroxy pelargonic acid; poly(omega hydroxy pelargonate)

ABSTRAK

Poli(ω-pelargonat hidroksi) atau P(ω-OHP) merupakan bahan yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan plastik terbiodegradasi dan telah disediakan melalui kaedah penyejatan lebur terhadap monomer (asid ω-hidroksi pelargonik). Kajian ini mempamerkan prestasi P(ω-OHP) terhadap aspek terma dan mekanik dan juga kaedah penyediaan monomer. Walaupun monomer jenis ini telah banyak diaplikasikan dalam bidang farmaseutik dan kosmetik, namun masih kurang kajian penggunaannya untuk aplikasi bioplastik. Kajian terdahulu turut melaporkan bahawa kaedah penyediaan monomer ini adalah sukar, mahal dan berbahaya. Maka, kajian ini menawarkan satu kaedah yang lebih selamat dilaksanakan melalui pengubahsuaian tindak balas kimia. Struktur monomer telah ditentusahkan menggunakan ESI-MS pada caj 173.1 m/z dengan ketulenan 92%. Setelah proses kondensasi lebur dijalankan pada suhu 190 °C selama 4 jam, penghasilan P(ω-OHP) dikenal pasti dengan ikatan ester metilena yang ditunjukkan pada puncak ¹H NMR pada 4.05 ppm. Sifat terma dianalisis dengan DSC, TGA dan reometer. P(ω-OHP) melebur pada suhu 72.8 °C dan mula terurai pada suhu 220 °C serta analisis reologi menunjukkan sifat aliran Newton pada suhu 80 dan 180 °C. P(ω-OHP) mengandungi 73.5% darjah pengkristalan yang telah ditentukan oleh XRD dengan kawasan amorfus yang rendah, ia memberi kesan terhadap nilai mekanikal yang rendah dengan kekerasan (31) dan kekuatan mampatan (modulus 47.3 MPa, purata 1.03 MPa). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa P(ω-OHP) adalah stabil secara terma dengan sifat fizikalnya yang keras dan rapuh. Penemuan ini menunjukkan implikasinya untuk digunakan sebagai bioplastik dan dapat ditambah baik melalui pengadunan polimer atau blok pengkopolimeran untuk kefleksibelan aplikasi.

Kata kunci: Asid omega hidroksi pelargonik; bioplastik; pencirian; poli(omega hidroksi pelargonat)

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*Corresponding author; email: fir_my@ukm.edu.my