Sains Malaysiana 50(9)(2021): 2511-2522

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5009-02

Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in South China Sea Short Core Sediments Off Southern Part Terengganu, Malaysia and Multivariate Statistics Approaches

(Punca Hidrokarbon Aromatik Polisiklik di Teras Sedimen Pendek Laut China Selatan di Bahagian Selatan Terengganu, Malaysia dan Pendekatan Statistik Multivariat)

SWEE YUN PANG¹, SUHAIMI SURATMAN^1*, YII SIANG HII², BERND R.T. SIMONEIT³ & NORHAYATI MOHD TAHIR^1,4

¹Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²Pakar Scieno TW Sdn. Bhd., 25, Jalan Pengacara U1/48, Kawasan Perindustrian Temasya, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA

⁴Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Received: 9 November 2020/Accepted: 22 January 2021

Abstract

Sediment cores from the southern South China Sea off the Terengganu coast were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and perylene. The concentrations of total 17 PAH (TPAHs) and perylene varied between 5.45-27.7 ng/g and 0.51-7.77 ng/g, respectively. Analyses of variance showed significant differences between the stations, but not in sub-bottom depths at the 0.05 level. The PAH cross plots showed a predominance of pyrogenic over petrogenic PAHs. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clustered PAHs that are correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), indicating the importance of surface runoff via fluvial transport for contributing these PAHs to the coastal environment of the study area. Overall, the concentrations of PAHs in the study area are considered to be in the low range, not exceeding the 100 ng/g mark.

Keywords: Fluvial transport; PAHs; perylene; pyrogenic; southern South China Sea

Abstrak

Teras sedimen yang diambil di selatan Laut China Selatan, luar pesisir Terengganu telah dikaji untuk hidrokarbon aromatik polisiklik (PAH) dan perilena. Kepekatan jumlah 17 PAH (TPAH) dan perilena yang diperoleh masing-masing adalah 5.45­­­-27.7 ng/g dan 0.51-7.77 ng/g. Keputusan analisis varians menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara stesen, tetapi tiada perbezaan pada kedalaman bawah dasar pada tahap 0.05. Plot silang PAH menunjukkan dominasi punca pirogenik berbanding PAH punca petrogenik. Analisis komponen utama (PCA) menampakkan PAH berkelompok berkorelasi dengan kandungan karbon organik (TOC), menunjukkan pentingnya larian permukaan melalui pengangkutan fluvium untuk menyumbang PAH kepada persekitaran pantai di kawasan kajian. Secara keseluruhan, kepekatan PAH di kawasan kajian adalah berada dalam julat rendah, tidak melebihi 100 ng/g.

Kata kunci: PAH; pengangkutan fluvium; perilena; pirogenik; selatan Laut China Selatan

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*Corresponding author; email: miman@umt.edu.my