Sains Malaysiana 52(3)(2023): 757-770

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5203-06

Estimation of Biocidal Potential of Desert Phytopowders for the Management of Citrus Canker

(Anggaran Potensi Biosid Fitoserbuk Gurun untuk Pengurusan Kanker Sitrus)

MUHAMMAD ATIQ^1,*, KIRAN FATIMA², NASIR AHMED RAJPUT¹, SHAHBAZ TALIB SAHI¹, AKHTAR HAMEED³, MUHAMMAD USMAN¹, USAMA AHMAD¹, ADEEL SULTAN¹, SHAHID IQBAL¹ & AHMAD NAWAZ¹

¹Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

² Department of Botany, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad,

Pakistan

³Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan

Received: 2 March 2022/Accepted: 27 February 2023

Abstract

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops, throughout the world. It is a rich source of antioxidants and vitamin C. Citrus canker is a potential threat to its successful production. In current study, ten desert phytopowders including Xanthium strumarium, Dipterygium galucun, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, haloxylon recurvum, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Citruluscolocynthis, Abutilon indicum, Aerva javanica, and Calotropis procera at three different concentrations (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) were evaluated under in vitro conditions against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Among all phytopowders, X. strumarium and S. fruticosa, showed maximum inhibition zone (40 mm) followed by S. baryosma(38.50 mm) C. colocynthis(37 mm), Abutilon indicum(34 mm), H. recurvum(32 mm), D. galucun (30.5 mm), A. javanica, (29.50 mm), L. pyrotechnica, (29.5 mm) and C. procera (28 mm) as compared to control. Then, effective phytopowders were applied under greenhouse and field conditions @ 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% against citrus canker. Combination of X. strumarium + S. baryosma showed minimum disease severity (22%) followed by X. strumarium (26%), X. strumarium + S. fruticosa (27%), S. fruticosa (27%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (27%), and S. baryosma (29%) as compared to control. While in field experiment, the combination of X. strumarium + S. fruticosa showed significant results with minimum disease severity (32%) followed by S. fruticosa + S. baryosma (32%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (33%), S. baryosma (35%), X. strumarium (36%) and S. fruticosa (36%) as compared to control. It is concluded that application of X. strumarium + S. baryosma phytopowders will be helpful for farmers to combat citrus canker.

Keywords: Citrus Canker; eco-friendly management; phytoextracts; Xac

Abstrak

Sitrus ialah salah satu tanaman buah-buahan yang paling penting di seluruh dunia. Ia adalah punca yang kaya dengan antioksidan dan vitamin C. Kanker sitrus merupakan ancaman yang berpotensi kepada pengeluaran yang berjaya. Dalam kajian ini, sepuluh fitoserbuk padang pasir termasuk Xanthium strumarium, Dipterygium galucun, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Haloxylon recurvum, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Citrulus colocynthis, Abutilon indicum, Aerva javanica dan Calotropis procera pada kepekatan berbeza (5.0, 7.5 dan 10.0%) telah dinilai dalam keadaan in vitro terhadap Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Antara semua fitoserbuk, X. strumarium dan S. fruticosa menunjukkan zon perencatan maksimum (40 mm) diikuti oleh S. baryosma (38.50 mm) C. colocynthis (37 mm), Abutilon indicum (34 mm), H. recurvum (32 mm), D. galucun (30.5 mm), A. javanica, (29.50 mm), L. pyrotechnica (29.5 mm) dan C. procera (28 mm) berbanding kawalan. Kemudian, fitoserbuk yang berkesan telah digunakan di bawah keadaan rumah hijau dan ladang @ 5.0, 7.5 dan 10.0% terhadap kanker sitrus. Gabungan X. strumarium + S. baryosma menunjukkan tahap keterukan penyakit minimum (22%) diikuti oleh X. strumarium (26%), X. strumarium + S. fruticosa (27%), S. fruticosa (27%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (27%), S. baryosma (29%) berbanding kawalan. Manakala dalam uji kaji lapangan, gabungan X. strumarium + S. fruticosa menunjukkan keputusan yang ketara dengan keterukan penyakit minimum (32%) diikuti oleh S. fruticosa + S. baryosma (32%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (33%), S. baryosma (35%), X. strumarium (36%) dan S. fruticosa (36%) berbanding kawalan. Disimpulkan bahawa penggunaan fitoserbuk X. strumarium + S. baryosma akan membantu petani untuk memerangi kanker sitrus.

Kata kunci: Ekstrakfito; kanker sitrus; pengurusan mesra alam; Xac

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^*Corresponding author; email: dratiqpp@gmail.com