Sains Malaysiana 52(3)(2023): 805-819

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5203-10

Comparison of Performance and Characteristic of Suberate, Azelate and Sebate as PVC Plasticizers

(Perbandingan Prestasi dan Pencirian Suberat, Azelat dan Sebakat sebagai Bahan Pemplastik PVC)

NUR HAFIFAH NAHDIRAH JAFRI, NOR HAMIDAH ABU OTHMAN & MOHD. FIRDAUS MOHAMAD YUSOFF^*

Chemical Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 8 April 2022/Accepted: 8 January 2023

Abstract

Consumer’s health and safety problems that arise from using di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a conventional plasticizer for PVC have led to the study of the production of alternative plasticizers based on dicarboxylate esters. In this study diester plasticizers based on suberic, azelaic and sebacic acid were synthesized with 2-ethylhexanol. PVC blends with these three diesters was conducted by solvent-casting technique. The characteristics of dicarboxylate esters plasticizers, which were judged to have excellent compatibility with PVC proved and evaluated by mechanical, thermal and migration stability test analyses as compared to DEHP. Improved tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation at break were observed in plasticized PVC films. Single peak of glass transition showed in all PVC-diester blends had lower range of temperatures, T_g(65.36 °C - 71.90 °C). The first stage of maximum degradation temperature for PVC-D2EHSu, PVC-D2EHAz and PVC-D2EHSe films were recorded at 287.06 °C, 290.83 °C and 281.68 °C, respectively, which exhibited good thermal stability. The good compatibility between synthesized plasticizers and PVC proved that the dicarboxylate plasticizers able to replace DEHP and highly capable to use as either primary or secondary plasticizers in food packaging, medical devices and domestic appliances in polymer industry.

Keywords: DEHP; diester plasticizers; polymers; PVC

Abstrak

Masalah kesihatan dan keselamatan pengguna yang timbul akibat daripada penggunaan di (2 etilheksil) ptalat (DEHP) sebagai pemplastik konvensional untuk polivinil klorida (PVC) telah membawa kepada kajian penghasilan pemplastik alternatif berasaskan ester dikarboksilat. Dalam kajian ini, bahan pemplastik diester berasaskan asid suberat, azelat dan sebakat telah disintesis dengan 2-etilheksanol. Adunan PVC dengan ketiga-tiga diester ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik acuan-pelarut. Pencirian terhadap struktur, sifat mekanikal, terma dan kadar migrasi setiap pemplastik ester dalam PVC menunjukkan hasil yang baik kerana mempunyai keserasian adunan sama seperti DEHP. Ujian mekanikal filem merekodkan nilai kekuatan tegangan, tensil modulus dan panjang terikan pada takat putus yang lebih baik dalam filem PVC-diester. Puncak suhu peralihan kaca tunggal dikesan pada julat suhu yang rendah (65.36 °C - 71.90 °C). Filem PVC-diester ini menunjukkan kestabilan terma yang baik dengan suhu degradasi maksimum pertama dalam filem PVC-D2EHSu, PVC-D2EHAz dan PVC-D2EHSe masing-masing direkodkan pada 287.06 °C, 290.83 °C dan 281.68 °C. Keserasian yang baik antara pemplastik tersintesis dan molekul PVC membuktikan pemplastik diester dapat menggantikan DEHP dan berpotensi tinggi digunakan sebagai pemplastik primer atau sekunder dalam aplikasi pembungkusan makanan, peralatan perubatan dan perkakas rumah dalam sektor industri polimer.

Kata kunci: DEHP; pemplastik diester; polimer; PVC

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^*Corresponding author; email: fir_my@ukm.edu.my