Sains Malaysiana 52(3)(2023): 877-885

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5203-15

Nanoemulsion of Turmeric in VCO Inhibit the Progressivity of Lung Fibrosis due to Cigarette Exposure

(Nanoemulsi Kunyit dalam VCO Merencat Perkembangan Fibrosis Paru-Paru Akibat Pendedahan Rokok)

NUR AISAH IBRAHIMIYAH^1*, GWENNY ICHSAN PRABOWO², LINA LUKITASARI² & RADITYA WEKA NUGRAHENI³

¹Master Program of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

²Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

³Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah Malang UniversityMalang, East Java, Indonesia

Received: 23 August 2022/Accepted: 3 February 2023

Abstract

Pulmonary fibrosis is a form of lung damage caused by chronic inflammation. One of the causes is cigarette smoke exposure, which can damage cilia and epithelial cells, that is able to  stimulate oxidative stress as well. The inflammatory response by inflammatory cells triggers release of inflammatory mediators, for example, TNF-α. Increased levels of TNF-α indicate a high inflammatory process and a high risk of pulmonary fibrosis. Nanoemulsion of turmeric extract in VCO contains curcumin, which can suppress the secretion and expression of TNF-α through several pathways. This study is aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of turmeric extract nanoemulsion in VCO on pulmonary fibrosis in an inflammatory way. In this study, 40 white rats were used and divided into five groups;  K0 was negative controls group, K1 was exposed to smoke from two cigarettes/day for 42 days, K2 received 0.3 mL dose of nanoemulsion + cigarette exposure, K3 received 0.6 mL dose of nanoemulsion + cigarette exposure and K4 received dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kgBW) + cigarette exposure. Furthermore, plasma TNF-α levels taken from cardiac blood and histopathological preparations (HE, MA) were made from the right lung. One-way ANOVA test was used to analyze plasma TNF-α levels, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze fibrosis degree scoring based on Aschroft Modification Scale and the correlation test was analyzed by Spearman test. The results showed that 0.3 mL of turmeric extract nanoemulsion in VCO had the best inhibitory effect on progressivity tissue damage and pulmonary fibrosis.

Keywords: Chronic respiratory disease; cigarette; curcumin; nanoemulsion

Abstrak

Fibrosis paru adalah satu bentuk kerosakan paru-paru yang disebabkan oleh keradangan kronik. Salah satu puncanya ialah pendedahan kepada asap rokok. Keradangan akibat asap rokok boleh merosakkan silia dan sel epitelium dan ia juga boleh merangsang tekanan oksidatif. Tindak balas keradangan oleh sel radang mencetuskan pembebasan mediator keradangan, contohnya, TNF-α. Peningkatan tahap TNF-α menunjukkan proses keradangan yang tinggi dan risiko tinggi fibrosis paru. Nanoemulsi ekstrak kunyit dalam VCO mengandungi kurkumin yang dapat menyekat rembesan dan pengekspresan TNF-α melalui beberapa laluan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi perencatan nanoemulsi ekstrak kunyit dalam VCO pada fibrosis paru melalui keradangan. Dalam kajian ini, 40 ekor tikus putih telah digunakan dan dibahagikan kepada lima kumpulan dengan K0 adalah kumpulan kawalan negatif, K1 didedahkan kepada asap daripada dua batang rokok/hari selama 42 hari, K2 menerima 0.3 mL dos nanoemulsi +  asap rokok, K3 menerima 0.6 mL dos nanoemulsi + asap rokok dan K4 menerima deksametason (0.2 mg/kgBB) + asap rokok. Tambahan pula, kadar TNF-α plasma diambil daripada darah jantung dan persediaan histopatologi (HE, MA) dibuat daripada paru-paru kanan. Ujian ANOVA sehala digunakan untuk menganalisis kadar TNF-α plasma, ujian Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis pemarkahan darjah fibrosis berdasarkan skala pengubahsuaian Aschorft dan ujian korelasi dianalisis dengan ujian Spearman. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa 0.3 mL nanoemulsi ekstrak kunyit dalam VCO mempunyai kesan perencatan terbaik terhadap kemajuan kerosakan jaringan dan fibrosis paru.

Kata kunci: Kurkumin; nanoemulsi; penyakit pernafasan kronik; rokok

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^*Corresponding author; email: nuraisahibrahim28@gmail.com