Sains Malaysiana 39(2)(2010): 219–226

 

Penentuan Kandungan dan Penilaian Risiko Kesihatan Hidrokarbon Polisiklik Aromatik dalam Tisu Ikan dari Pulau Perhentian, Malaysia

(Content Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Fish Tissue Samples from Perhentian Island, Malaysia)

 

Sim Khay Tien¹, Lee Yook Heng* ², Mazlan Abd. Ghaffar¹

Mohd. Pauzi Zakaria³ & Salmijah Surif¹

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam Fakulti Sains & Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

 

²Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia & Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

 

³Jabatan Alam Sekitar, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 30 Julai 2008 / Diterima: 08 September 2009

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Kandungan hidrokarbon polisiklik aromatik (PAH) dalam tiga spesies ikan yang berbeza tabiat pemakanan dan habitat, iaitu Lolong (Selar boops), Kerisi (Nemipterus peronii) dan Mengkarong (Trachinocephalus myops) dari luar pantai Pulau Perhentian, Malaysia ditentukan. Tiga individu daripada setiap spesies dipilih secara rawak dan kandungan 10 sebatian PAH diukur, iaitu fenantrena, antrasena, fluorantena, pirena, benzo(a)anthracene benzo(a)antrasena, krisena, benzo(a)fluorantena, benzo(k)fluorantena, benzo(e)pirena dan dibenzo(a,h)antrasena dalam otot ikan ditentukan. Pengekstrakan PAH menggunakan kaedah Soxhlet dan kandungannya diukur dengan kromatografi gas - spektrometri jisim (GC-MS). Jumlah PAH dalam tisu ikan yang dikaji adalah pada julat 17.89 – 42.18 ng/g berat basah dan 393.98 – 511.07 ng/g mengikut berat lipid. Kandungan PAH dalam tisu jenis ikan menurut berat basah adalah Mengkarong (42.18 ng/g)> Lolong (25.61 ng/g)> Kerisi (17.89 ng/g), sementara menurut berat lipid ialah Kerisi (511.07 ng/g)> Mengkarong (409.50 ng/g)> Lolong (393.98 ng/g). Otot Kerisi mengandungi kandungan lipid paling sedikit, iaitu 3.5 % berbanding dengan Lolong (6.5 %) dan Mengkarong (10.3 %). Tidak ada penumpukan PAH yang jelas dalam lipid tisu ikan (kolerasi Pearson, p>0.05) dan ketiga-tiga spesies ikan tidak menunjukkan kandungan PAH yang berbeza (ANOVA, p>0.05). Berdasarkan kadar pengambilan ikan pada 142.2 g/hari, pengiraan kepekatan potensi setara (PEC), iaitu nilai potensi karsinogenisiti sebatian PAH, ketiga-tiga spesies ikan adalah pada julat 0.41 – 0.63 ng/g berat basah. Nilai ini lebih rendah daripada nilai garis panduan yang ditetapkan oleh USEPA, iaitu 0.67 ng/g berat basah.

 

Kata kunci: Hidrokarbon polisiklik aromatic; kepekatan potensi setara; penilaian risiko; tisu ikan

 

ABSTRACT

 

The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in three fish species with different feeding habits and habitat i.e. Lolong (Selar boops), Kerisi (Nemipterus peronii) dan Mengkarong (Trachinocephalus myops) from offshore of Perhentian Island, Malaysia was determined. Three individuals from each species were taken at random and the PAHs contents were determined in the muscles. Ten PAH compounds, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(e)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene were determined. PAH in fish tissues was extracted using Soxhlet method and detected using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The level of PAH in fish tissue ranged from 17.89 – 42.18 ng/g wet weight and 393.98 – 511.07 ng/g lipid weight. The order of PAH concentration in wet weight was Kerisi (511.07 ng/g)> Mengkarong (409.50 ng/g)> Lolong (393.98 ng/g) but in terms of lipid weight, the order was Kerisi (511.07 ng/g)> Mengkarong (409.50 ng/g)> Lolong (393.98 ng/g). Kerisi has the lowest lipid content of 3.5% compared to Lolong (6.5 %) and Mengkarong (10.3 %). No obvious significant difference (p>0.05) of PAH levels in three fish spesies was observed (ANOVA, p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between lipid content and PAH accumulation in fish. Based on fish consumption rate of 142.2 g/day, the Potency Equivalent Concentration (PEC), which is a carcinogenic potency value for PAH, was found to be ranged from 0.41 – 0.63 ng/g wet weight in all three species of fish. This value is below the limit set by USEPA, which is 0.67 ng/g wet weight for human consumption.

 

Keywords: Fish tissue; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; potency equivalent concentration; risk assessment

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yhl1000@ukm.my