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Sains Malaysiana 42(9)(2013):
1219–1229
Life-history
Traits of the Threatened Freshwater Fish Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton 1822)
(Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh
(Ciri Sejarah Kehidupan Ikan Air Tawar Terancam Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton
1822)
(Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) di Sungai Ganges, Barat Laut
Bangladesh)
Md.
Yeamin Hossain1*,
Mst. Monira Khatun1,
Saleha Jasmine1,
Md. Mosaddequr Rahman1,
Sharmin Jahan1,
Md. Abu Sayed Jewel1
& 1Department
of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi
6205, Bangladesh 2Faculty
of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-20-50 Shimoarata, Kagoshima
890-0056 Japan
Diserahkan:
13 Disember 2012 /Diterima: 2 Februari 2013
ABSTRACT
The threatened Reba carp, Cirrhinus reba is a freshwater fish species found in ponds,
rivers, canals and tanks of Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. The
present study describes the first complete and inclusive description of
life-history traits including sex ratio, length-frequency distributions (LFD),
length-weight relationships (LWR), condition factors (Allometric, KA;
Fulton’s, KF; Relative condition, KR; Relative weight,
WR),
form factor (a3.0) and size at first sexual maturity
of C. reba in the Ganges River, NW Bangladesh. Sampling was done using
traditional fishing gears including cast net, square lift net and conical trap from
April 2011 to March 2012. The total length (TL), fork
length (FL)
and standard length (SL) were measured to the nearest
0.01 cm using digital slide calipers and total body weight (BW) was
measured using an electronic balance with 0.01 g accuracy. The LWR was calculated using
the expression: W= a Lb, where W is the BW, L the TL. The
size at first sexual maturity of C. reba was
estimated using the empirical equation by Binohlan and Froese (2009) for
male and female, separately. A total of 250 specimens ranging from 8.00 cm
– 23.40 cm TL and 4.30 g – 200 g BW were analyzed in this
study. The overall sex ratio did not differ significantly from the expected
value of 1:1 (χ2 = 3.38, p< 0.05), but there was
significant differences in the TL-frequency distributions (Mann-Whitney
U-test, p< 0.001) between male (median = 12.00 cm) and female (median
= 15.80 cm). The calculated b for the LWR indicated positive allometric growth (>
3.00) in male and female and there was significant
differences in the intercepts (ancova, p< 0.001) and in the slopes
(ancova, p< 0.001) between the sexes. In addition, the Mann-Whitney
U-test showed significant differences in the Fulton’s condition factor between
male and female (p< 0.001). The one sample t-test showed that the
mean WR (actual
mean = 99.50) did not differ from 100 for male (p= 0.523) and female (p=
0.197) in this study, indicating the habitat was still in good condition for C.
reba. Moreover, the size at sexual maturity of male and female C. reba were
estimated as 11.50 cm TL and 13.50 cm TL, respectively. The
results of this study would be useful for the sustainable conservation of this
threatened carp fishery in Bangladesh and also neighboring countries.
Keywords: Bangladesh; Cirrhinus reba; condition factor; length-weight relationship;
sex ratio; threatened
ABSTRAK
Ikan karp terancam Cirrhinus reba merupakan ikan air tawar yang dijumpai di kolam,
sungai, terusan dan tangki di Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal dan Pakistan.
Kajian ini menerangkan ciri sejarah kehidupan C. reba secara lengkap pertama kali di Sungai Ganges, Barat Laut
Bangladesh daripada segi nisbah jantina, taburan frekuensi kepanjangan (LFD),
hubungan panjang-berat (LWR), faktor keadaan (allometrik, KA;
Fulton’s, KF; keadaan relatif, KR; berat relatif, WR),
faktor bentuk (a3.0) dan saiz kematangan jantina
terawal. Pensampelan dijalankan dengan menggunakan alat
penangkap termasuk jaring sapuan, jaring angkat segi empat dan penangkap
konikal dari bulan April 2011 hingga Mac 2012. Panjang keseluruhan (TL),
panjang capah (FL) dan panjang piawai (SL) diukur hingga ke 0.01
paling dekat dengan menggunakan kaliper slaid digital dan berat badan
keseluruhan (BW)
diukur dengan menggunakan pemberat elektronik yang mempunyai ketepatan 0.01 g. LWR dihitung
berdasarkan ekspresi W= a Lb, dengan W adalah BW dan L adalah TL. Saiz pada kematangan terawal C.
reba dihitung berdasarkan persamaan empirikal Binohlan dan Froese (2009)
untuk jantan dan betina secara berasingan. Sebanyak 250 spesimen dengan TL berjulat
8.00-23.40 cm dan BW berjulat 4.30-200 g dianalisis dalam kajian
ini. Nisbah jantina keseluruhan tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan daripada
nilai jangkaan 1:1 (χ2 = 3.38, p<0.05), tetapi
perbezaan signifikan diperoleh dalam taburan frekuensi-TL (ujian-U Mann-Whitney, p<0.001) antara jantan (median = 12.00 cm) dan betina (median =
15.80). Nilai b bagi LWR menunjukkan pertumbuhan allometrik positif
(>3.00) dalam jantan dan betina dan perbezaan signifikan diperoleh dalam
pintasan (ancova, p<0.001) dan
cerunan (ancova, p<0.001) antara
jantina. Tambahan pula, ujian-U Mann-Whitney menunjukkan perbezaan
signifikan dalam faktor keadaan Fulton’s antara jantan dan betina (p<0.001).
Ujian-t satu sampel menunjukkan min WR (min sebenar = 99.50) tidak berbeza daripada
100 untuk jantan (p=0.523) dan betina (p=0.197) dalam kajian ini. Ini menunjukkan habitat masih dalam keadaan baik untuk C. reba. Saiz pada kematangan
jantina terawal bagi jantan dan betina C. reba dianggarkan pada 11.50 cm TL dan
13.50 cm TL masing-masing. Hasil daripada kajian ini
bermanfaat kepada pemuliharaan mampan perikanan ikan karp di Bangladesh dan
juga negara jirannya.
Kata kunci: Bangladesh;
Cirrhinus reba; faktor keadaan; hubungan panjang-berat; nisbah jantina;
terancam
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: email: yeamin2222@yahoo.com
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