Sains Malaysiana 44(10)(2015): 1441–1451

Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathology: A Review

(Patologi berkaitan Tekanan Oksidatif: Suatu Kajian)

SARAWOOT PALIPOCH¹* & PHANIT KOOMHIN²

¹School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand

²The Pathobiology of Cell and Tissue Research Group, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand

Diserahkan: 29 November 2013/Diterima: 24 Jun 2015

ABSTRACT

Currently, oxidative stress (OS) has become a major interest in point of basic science and clinical research. The imbalance between generations and clearances of oxidants leads to OS. Oxidants are mainly composed of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which are manifested as oxidized macromolecules causing deleterious effects in several organs. Lipid, protein and DNA oxidation products can provide extensively approach of potential oxidative stress biomarkers. OS leads to the fundamental cellular and tissue damages and consequence effect to various organs or systems. This review emphasizes the systemic pathology induced by OS that particularly affect to specialized organs or systems including the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the lung, the liver and the kidney.

Keywords: Oxidative stress; reactive nitrogen species; reactive oxygen species

ABSTRAK

Dewasa ini, tekanan oksidatif (OS) telah menjadi salah satu kajian yang menarik perhatian dalam sains asas dan penyelidikan klinikal. Ketidakseimbangan antara generasi dan kelegaan oksida membawa kepada OS. Oksidan terutamanya terdiri daripada spesies reaktif oksigen (ROS) dan spesies nitrogen reaktif (RNS) yang dimanifestasikan sebagai makromolekul teroksida menyebabkan kesan yang merosakkan ke dalam beberapa organ-organ. Lipid, protein dan produk pengoksidaan DNA boleh memberikan pendekatan menyeluruh potensi penanda biologi tekanan oksidatif. OS boleh membawa kepada kerosakan sel dan tisu dan memberi kesan kepada pelbagai organ atau sistem. Kajian ini menekankan patologi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh OS terutamanya memberi kesan kepada organ atau sistem khusus termasuk sistem saraf, sistem kardiovaskular, paru-paru, hati dan buah pinggang.

Kata kunci: Spesies nitrogen reaktif; spesies oksigen reaktif; tekanan oksidatif

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