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Sains Malaysiana 45(11)(2016): 1597–1602
Prevalence of Salmonella sp. in
African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Obtained from Farms and Wet Markets in Kelantan,
Malaysia and Their Antibiotic Resistance (Prevalens Salmonella
sp. dalam Ikan
Keli Afrika (Clarias gariepinus)
yang Diperoleh dari
Ladang Ternakan Ikan dan Pasar
Basah di Kelantan, Malaysia dan
Ketahanan Antibiotiknya) CHIA KIM
SING1,
MD.
ZAHIRUL ISLAM
KHAN1*,
HASSAN
HJ.
MOHD
DAUD2
& ABD. RAHMAN
AZIZ1 1Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia
Kelantan, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Darul Naim, Malaysia 2Department
of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan: 14 Mei 2015/Diterima:
24 Mac 2016 ABSTRACT The present study was conducted
to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella
sp. isolated from African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus). A total of 30 catfish were harvested from
four different farms and four different wet markets. A total of
60 samples (30 catfish skins and 30 catfish intestines) were used
for Salmonella sp. isolation (pellet-method), its biochemical
and serological test. Confirmation of Salmonella sp. were
determined by polyvalent O antisera and polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) using genus specific primers for
invA genes (DNA amplification showed one distinct
band with molecular weight of 389 bp)
and the species of isolated Salmonella sp. were identified
by serotyping. The result showed 6/30 (20%) of fish or 6/60 (10%)
of organ samples were positive for Salmonella sp. Among
those positive for Salmonella sp., 4/6 were from intestine
samples and 2/6 were from skin samples. No significant difference
was found in the prevalence of Salmonella sp. isolates
between fish harvested from farms and wet markets (p-value= 0.406).
The Salmonella serovars
identified were Salmonella corvallis (n=3), Salmonella
mbandaka (n=2) and Salmonella
typhmurium (n=1). Salmonella sp. isolates were resistance
to Penicillin (P 10, 100%), Clindamycin (DA 2,
100%), Tetracycline (TE 30,
100%) and Rifampicin (RD 5, 100%) and all of the isolates were
susceptible or intermediate resistance to Ceftazidime (CAZ 30)
and Trimethopin (W 5). Multiple antibiotic
resistance (MAR)
index of all Salmonella sp. isolates in current study was
0.67 indicating that fish sampled in the present study was under
high risk of been exposed to the tested antibiotics. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance;
catfish; polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
Salmonella ABSTRAK Penyelidikan ini dijalankan
untuk menentukan
prevalens dan ketahanan
antibiotik terhadap
Salmonella
sp. yang dipencil daripada
ikan keli
Africa (Clarias gariepinus). Sebanyak 30 ekor ikan keli
dipencil dari
empat ladang ternakan
dan empat
pasar basah yang berbeza. Jumlah 60 sampel (30 sampel
kulit ikan
keli dan 30 sampel
usus ikan
keli) telah diguna
untuk menganalisis
kehadiran Salmonella sp.
(metod-pelet), ujian
biokimia dan serologi.
Pengesahan
Salmonella sp. ditentukan
oleh polivalen
O antiserum dan tindak balas
berantai polimerase
(PCR)
dengan berat
molekul 389 bp dan Salmonella serovar dikenal pasti melalui seropenjenisan.
Keputusan
menunjukkan 6/30 (20%) daripada
ikan atau 6/60 (10%) daripada sampel organ adalah positif bagi Salmonella sp.
Antara yang positif bagi
Salmonella sp., 4/6 adalah
daripada sampel
usus dan 2/6 adalah
daripada sampel
kulit. Tiada perbezaan yang signifikan diperoleh dalam prevalens Salmonella sp. yang dipencil antara ikan dari ladang
ternakan dan
pasar basah (nilai
p = 0.406). Salmonella serovar
yang dikenal pasti
adalah Salmonella corvallis
(n=3), Salmonella mbandaka
(n=2) dan Salmonella typhmurium
(n=1). Melalui ujian ketahanan
antibiotik, 100% sampel
menunjukkan kerintangan terhadap antibiotik Penisilin (P 10, 100%), Klindamisin
(DA
2, 100%), Tetrasiklin
(TE 30,
100%) dan Rifampisin
(RD
5, 100%) dan tiada
kerintangan terhadap antibotik Ceftazidim (CAZ
30) dan Trimtopin
(W 5). Kesemua Salmonella
sp. yang telah dipencil menujukkan ketahanan antibiotik berganda (MAR=0.67)
dan ia
berpotensi untuk
menyebabkan masalah kesihatan berkaitan dengan ikan keli.
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