Sains Malaysiana 45(2)(2016): 195–200

 

Antioxidative Activities and Polyphenolic Content of Different Varieties of Malaysian Young Corn Ear and Cornsilk

(Aktiviti Antioksida dan Kandungan Polifenolik bagi Varieti Berbeza Jagung Muda dan Sutera Jagung Malaysia)

 

Ho, Y.M., Wan Amir Nizam, W.A. & Wan Rosli, W.I.*

 

School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia

16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 21 Mac 2015/Diterima: 6 Julai 2015

 

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity, total polyphenolic and total flavonoid content of Malaysian young corn ear (YCE) and its cornsilk (CS) of different varieties. Three different varieties of YCE and its CS locally grown in Malaysia were chosen namely Big Fruit, Thai Supersweet and Bi-color. CS Bi-color displayed the highest total phenolic content (143.58 mg GAE/g extract) while CS Thai Supersweet exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (26.63 mg CAE/g extract). Meanwhile, YCE of Bi-color variety demonstrated the highest total polyphenolic and flavonoid content (92.64 and 18.14 mg CAE/g extract, respectively) compared to other YCE varieties. At 800 μg/mL, CS of Bi-color (93.82%) recorded the strongest electron donor due to higher DPPH scavenging activity, followed by CS Thai Supersweet (92.87%), YCE Bi-color (41.94%), YCE Thai Supersweet (28.87%), CS Big Fruit (28.87%) and YCE Big Fruit (21.38%). For FRAP, CS of Bi-color showed the highest reducing power activity (65.46%) among all the crude extracts. There is a significant correlation between total polyphenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP of YCE and CS of different varieties. In summary, CS extracts are the potential ingredient to be applied in food industries and at the same time reducing agriculture wastage.

Keywords: Antioxidant capacity; cornsilk; different varieties; young corn ear

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan kapasiti antioksidan, kandungan jumlah polifenolik dan flavonoid dalam varieti berbeza jagung muda (YCE) dan sutera jagung (CS) Malaysia. Tiga varieti berbeza YCE dan CS yang ditanam di Malaysia telah dipilih iaitu Big Fruit, Thai Supersweet dan Bi-color. CS Bi-color menunjukkan kandungan jumlah polifenol paling tinggi (143.58 mg GAE/g ekstrak) manakala CS Thai Supersweet menunjukkan kandungan jumlah flavonoid yang tertinggi (26.63 mg CAE/g ekstrak). Sementara itu, YCE varieti Bi-color menunjukkan kandungan jumlah polifenol dan flavonoid tertinggi (masing-masing 92.64 dan 18.14 mg CAE/g ekstrak) berbanding varieti YCE yang lain. Pada 800 μg/mL, CS Bi-color (93.82%) merekodkan pendermaan elektron terkuat disebabkan aktiviti perencatan DPPH yang tinggi, diikuti oleh CS Thai Supersweet (92.87%), YCE Bi-color (41.94%), YCE Thai Supersweet (28.87%), CS Big Fruit (28.87%) dan YCE Big Fruit (21.38%). Untuk FRAP, CS Bi-color menunjukkan aktiviti kuasa penurunan paling tinggi (65.46%) antara semua ekstrak mentah. Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara kandungan jumlah polifenolik, perencatan radikal bebas DPPH dan FRAP bagi varieti berbeza YCE dan CS. Secara kesimpulannya, ekstrak CS berpotensi sebagai ramuan untuk diaplikasikan dalam industri makanan dan dalam masa yang sama dapat mengurangkan sisa pertanian.

Kata kunci: Jagung muda; kapasiti antioksidan; sutera jagung; varieti berbeza

 

RUJUKAN

 

Del Pozo-Insfran, D., Brenes, C.H., Serna Saldivar, S.O. & Talcott, S.T. 2006. Polyphenolic and antioxidant content of white and blue corn (Zea mays L.) products. Food Research International 39(6): 696-703.

Fleming, T. 2000. PDR for Herbal Medicines. New Jersey: Medical Economics Company.

Harakotr, B., Suriharn, B., Tangwongchai, R., Scott, M.P. & Lertrat, K. 2014. Anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in coloured waxy corn at different maturation stages. Journal of Functional Foods 9: 109-118.

Kalt, W. 2005. Effects of production and processing factors on major fruit and vegetable antioxidants. Journal of Food Science 70(1): R11-R19.

Kaur, R., Arora, S. & Singh, B. 2008. Antioxidant activity of the phenol rich fractions of leaves of Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Bioresour. Technol. 99(16): 7692-7698.

Lopez-Martinez, L.X., Oliart-Ros, R.M., Valerio-Alfaro, G., Lee, C.H., Parkin, K.L. & Garcia, H.S. 2009. Antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and anthocyanins content of eighteen strains of Mexican maize. LWT-Food Science and Technology 42(6): 1187-1192.

Maksimovic, Z.A. & Kovacevic, N. 2003. Preliminary assay on the antioxidative activity of Maydis stigma extracts. Fitoterapia 74: 144-147.

Maksimovic, Z., Malencic, D. & Kovacevic, N. 2005. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of Maydis stigma extracts. Bioresource Technology 96: 873-877.

Moure, A., Cruz, J.M., Franco, D., Dominguez, J.M., Sineiro, J., Dominguez, H., Josu Nunez, M. & Parajo, J.C. 2001. Natural antioxidants from residual sources. Food Chemistry 72: 145-171.

Nurhanan, A.R. & Wan Rosli, W.I. 2013. Nutritional compositions and antioxidative capacity of the silk obtained from immature and mature corn. Journal of King Saud University-Science 26: 119-127.

Ozsoy, N., Can, A., Yanardag, R. & Akev, N. 2008. Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L. leaf extracts. Food Chemistry 110(3): 571-583.

SunMi, C., SunLim, K., JongJin, H., BeomHeon, S., YoungUp, K. & JungTae, K. 2012. Effect of particle size on physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of corn silk powder. Korean Journal of Crop Science/Hanguk Jakmul Hakhoe Chi 57(1): 41-50.

Vasco, C., Ruales, J. & Kamal-Eldin, A. 2008. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of major fruits from Ecuador. Food Chemistry 111(4): 816-823.

Vimala, S., Mohd. Ilham, A., Abdull Rashih, A. & Rohana, S. 2003. Natural antioxidants: Piper sarmentosum (Kadok) and Morinda elliptica (Mengkudu) Mal. J. Nutr. 9(1): 41-51.

Wan Rosli, W.I., Nurhanan, A.R., Farid, C.G. & Mohsin, S.S.J. 2010. Effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaHClO) on morphology and mineral concentration of Zea mays hairs (cornsilk). Annals of Microscopy 10: 4-10.

Xu, B. & Chang, S. 2007. A comparative study on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of legumes as affected by extraction solvents. Journal of Food Science 72(2): S159-S166.

Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. & Jianming, W. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry 64(4): 555-559.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: wrosli@usm.my

 

 

sebelumnya