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Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 659–667 Best Band Ratio Combinations for
the Lithological Discrimination of the Dayang Bunting and Tuba
Islands, Langkawi, Malaysia (Gabungan Nisbah Jalur Terbaik
untuk Diskriminasi
Litologi di Pulau Dayang Bunting
dan Pulau Tuba, Langkawi,
Malaysia) NORBERT SIMON*,
CHE
AZIZ
ALI,
KAMAL
ROSLAN
MOHAMED
& KAMILIA SHARIR Geology Programme, School of Environmental
& Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan: 17 September
2015/Diterima: 25 November 2015 ABSTRACT Band ratio combination has
been proven to be one of the most useful image processing methods
for lithological discrimination, as discussed by many researchers
in the past. In this study, bands from Landsat 5 TM were used to generate different
ratio combinations to discriminate the different lithologies
of two islands located at the southern end of the Langkawi archipelago,
specifically the Dayang Bunting and Tuba Islands. Both islands
comprise similar lithological units – namely, limestone/marble
(Permian & Silurian-Ordovician), granite and alluvium. There
are two rock formations that are limestone/marble dominated. The
first is known as the Chuping Formation,
which consists of limestone/marble and the other is the Setul Formation, which consists of not only limestone/marble
but also of two detrital intervals. Different ratio combinations
obtained from past researchers and that was produced from this
study were tested on the image of the Dayang Bunting and Tuba
Islands to identify the best ratio combinations that were able
to discriminate the different lithologies
for both islands. A total of 28 combinations were performed to
examine which combinations are the most effective. From the 28
combinations, three were identified as the most suitable; 4/3
5/2 3/1, 5/3 4/3 4/1 and 4/2 5/3 4/3 in the RGB sequence.
These combinations enhanced the spectral differences of each lithology
unit so that it can be distinguished easily. Apart from the difference
in the spectral response, the texture of the lithologies
was also enhanced to assist in discriminating the different units. Keywords: Band ratio combination;
Landsat TM; Langkawi; lithological discrimination;
spectral Response ABSTRAK Gabungan nisbah jalur
telah terbukti menjadi salah satu
kaedah penting
dalam pemprosesan imej untuk mengenal
pasti diskriminasi
litologi, seperti yang telah dibincangkan oleh ramai penyelidik
terdahulu. Dalam kajian ini,
jalur daripada
Landsat 5 TM
telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan kombinasi nisbah yang berbeza bagi menentukan
diskriminasi litologi
yang terdapat di dua pulau yang terletak di hujung selatan kepulauan Langkawi, iaitu Pulau Dayang Bunting dan Pulau Tuba.
Kedua-dua pulau tersebut mempunyai persamaan daripada segi unit litologi iaitu batu kapur/marmar (Permian Silur-Ordovisi),
granit dan
alluvium. Terdapat dua formasi yang
membentuk batu
kapur/marmar di kawasan kajian iaitu Formasi Chuping
yang terdiri daripada
batu kapur/marmar
dan yang kedua
ialah Formasi Setul,
terdiri daripada
bukan sahaja batu
kapur/marmar
malah terdapat juga perselangan antara dua detrital. Kombinasi nisbah berbeza yang diperoleh daripada penyelidik terdahulu dan yang dihasilkan dalam kajian ini
diuji ke atas imej Pulau
Dayang Bunting dan Pulau Tuba untuk
mengenal pasti
kombinasi nisbah terbaik yang mampu membezakan litologi berlainan di kedua-dua pulau. Sejumlah 28 kombinasi telah
dijalankan untuk
mengkaji kombinasi mana yang paling
berkesan. Daripada gabungan
28 nisbah jalur,
tiga telah dikenal
pasti sebagai
yang paling sesuai; 4/3 5/2 3/1, 5/3 4/3 4/1 dan
4/2 5/3 4/3 dalam turutan
RGB.
Kombinasi
ini dipilih kerana
menunjukkan perbezaan
yang ketara bagi membezakan
litologi di kawasan
tersebut. Selain itu, tekstur litologi
juga membantu dalam
membezakan unit litologi yang lain. Kata kunci: Diskriminasi
litologi; gabungan
nisbah jalur; Landsat TM; Langkawi; respons
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