Sains Malaysiana 46(12)(2017): 2291–2303

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-05

Ciri Morfologi Diagnosis Debunga Bruguiera, Ceriops, Kandelia dan Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae) di Semenanjung Malaysia

(Diagnostic Morphological Characteristics of Bruguiera, Ceriops, Kandelia and Rhizophora (Rhizophoraceae) Pollen in Peninsular Malaysia)

NORAINI, T.^1*, AMIRUL-AIMAN, A.J^1,2., MOHD-ARRABE, A.B.¹ & NURUL-AINI, C.A.C.³

¹Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Jabatan Sains Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Pengajian Alam Sekitar, Universiti Putra Malaysia

43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Jabatan Sains Tumbuhan, Kuliyyah Sains, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia

Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 8 Mei 2017/Diterima: 30 Oktober 2017

ABSTRAK

Famili Rhizophoraceae ialah famili tumbuhan utama di hutan paya bakau dengan 16 genus dan 120 spesies dan di Semenanjung Malaysia terdapat tujuh genus dan 17 spesies. Kajian palinologi masih kurang dijalankan di hutan paya bakau untuk melihat kepentingan ciri morfologi debunga dan adaptasinya terhadap persekitaran. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk menyenaraikan ciri umum, variasi dan ciri diagnosis morfologi debunga antara spesies dan genus dalam famili Rhizophoraceae di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kaedah kajian melibatkan teknik asetolisis, pencerapan di bawah mikroskop cahaya dan mikroskop imbasan elektron. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan terdapat dua kelas debunga iaitu tri-zono-kolpat dan tri-zono-kolporat. Kesemua spesies kajian mempunyai debunga bersaiz kecil (10-25 μm) dan mempunyai debunga bentuk sferoid kecuali Rhizophora x lamarckii dengan bentuk subprolat. Dua corak hiasan eksin ditemui pada genus Bruguiera iaitu skabrat-perforat (B. cylindrica, B. parviflora. B. hainesii dan B. sexangula) dan psilat-skabrat (B. gymnorhiza). Genus Ceriops dan Rhizophora stylosa mempunyai hiasan eksin perforat manakala R. apiculata dan R. mucronata mempunyai corak eksin perforat-retikulat. Kekunci dikotomi pengecaman spesies dan genus telah dibina berdasarkan keputusan kajian. Secara kesimpulan, ciri morfologi debunga mempunyai nilai taksonomi terutamanya untuk pembezaan dan pengecaman spesies dan genus bagi famili Rhizophoraceae.

Kata kunci: Debunga; hutan paya bakau; palinologi; Rhizophoraceae; Semenanjung Malaysia

ABSTRACT

Rhizophoraceae is a plant family in mangrove forest with approximately 16 genera and 120 species and seven genera and 17 species are found in Peninsular Malaysia. Palynology study in mangroves to investigate the importance of pollen morphological characteristics and adaptation to its environment is still meagre. The objectives of this study were to list the common features, variations and diagnostic features of pollen morphology among species and genera in the Rhizophoraceae family. The methods involved acetolysis techniques and observation under light and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that there are two pollen classes which are tri-zono-colpate and tri-zono-colporate. All the species studied have small size (10-25 μm) and spheroidial shaped pollen except Rhizophora x lamarckii with subprolate pollen. Two types of exine ornamentation were found in Bruguiera, i.e. scabrate-perforate (B. cylindrica, B. parviflora. B. hainesii and B. sexangula) and psilate-scabrate (B. gymnorhiza). On the other hand, the genus Ceriops and Rhizophora stylosa have perforate exine ornamentation and R. apiculata and R. mucronata have exine ornamentation perforate-reticulate. Dichotomy key for species and genus identification has been constructed based on the findings. As a conclusion pollen morphological characteristics have taxonomic value especially for the genus and species differentiation and identification in the family Rhizophoraceae.

Keywords: Mangrove forest; palynology; Peninsular Malaysia; pollen; Rhizophoraceae

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ntalip@ukm.edu.my