Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1521–1529

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-22

 

Pencirian Mikroskopi Butiran Kuarza Laut Cetek Muara Sungai Kelantan Hingga Pelantar Benua Laut China Selatan, Semenanjung Malaysia

(Microscopic Characterization of Quartz Grains of Shallow Water Sungai Kelantan Delta
into South China Sea Continental Shelf, Peninsular Malaysia)

 

NURUL AFIFAH MOHD RADZIR*, CHE AZIZ ALI & KAMAL ROSLAN MOHAMED

 

Program Geologi, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 16 November 2016/Diterima: 21 Jun 2017

 

ABSTRAK

Pencirian butiran kuarza berskala mikro dengan menggunakan mikroskop pengimbas elektron (SEM) menemukan beberapa jenis kuarza yang mempunyai tekstur dan morfologi butiran kuarza berbeza. Penggunaan kaedah ini telah berjaya mengenal pasti enam jenis butiran kuarza iaitu kuarza jenis A, B, C, D, E dan F. Pengelasan dibuat berdasarkan tekstur dan morfologi butiran yang menggambarkan sejarah pengangkutan (proses mekanik) dan pengendapan yang telah dilalui oleh butiran kuarza tersebut. Keenam-enam jenis kuarza tersebut diterbitkan oleh dua faktor geologi iaitu genetik butiran kuarza dan proses mekanik semasa pengangkutan. Hasil daripada pembahagian faktor ini, dua wilayah taburan jenis butiran kuarza telah dikenal pasti iaitu wilayah I dan wilayah II. Wilayah I mencirikan kuarza yang mengalami proses mekanik lemah sehingga sederhana dan dikenal pasti sebagai sedimen Resen yang diangkut melalui Sungai Kelantan sebelum dienapkan ke dalam kawasan lembangan Laut China Selatan. Sedimen Resen ini menunjukkan tekstur permukaan yang tidak kasar dicirikan oleh tanda V berdiameter < 2 μm atau tiada dan berbentuk bulat hingga bersegi. Manakala, wilayah II pula mempunyai butiran kuarza yang telah mengalami proses mekanik yang sederhana tinggi sehingga sangat tinggi. Sedimen yang dicerap di wilayah II ini merupakan campuran sedimen Resen dan sedimen baki yang terdiri daripada sedimen sub-arkos lautan yang telah dienapkan sejak 5000 tahun lampau. Sedimen sub-arkos lautan ini mengalami beberapa kali proses mekanik yang menghasilkan tekstur yang kasar, tanda V <2 μm hingga >2 μm dan lelasan yang tinggi pada permukaan kuarza dan morfologi yang bulat hingga hampir sfera.

 

Kata kunci: Morfologi kuarza; proses mekanik; sedimen baki; sedimen resen; tekstur kuarza

 

ABSTRACT

Characterization of quartz grains by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has identified several quartz types with different textures and morphologies. By using this method, six types of quartz grains have been identified which are quartz type A, B, C, D, E and F based on textures and morphologies recorded during transportation (mechanical processes). The six types of quartz are the results of two factors which are genetic of quartz and mechanical processes during transportation. As a result of the distribution of this factors, two suites of detrital quartz was discovered which are province I and province II. Province I is characterised by distribution of low energy with poor mechanical processes and consists of recent sediments which was transported by the Sungai Kelantan. The recent sediments showed smooth to moderate rough surface texture with V marks size <2 μm or absent and have rounded to angular grain shape. Meanwhile, province II is characterised by moderate to high mechanical processes and sediments are represented by a mixture of recent and relict sediments which is known as marine sub-arkosic components that has been deposited since 5000 cal. yr. BP. The marine sub-arkosic components undergone some excessive mechanical processes that produces rough surfaces textures, V marks structure with size <2 μm to >2 μm, high abrasion on the surface of quartz and rounded to nearly spherical morphology.

Keywords: Mechanical process; recent sediments; relict sediments; quartz morphology; quartz texture

RUJUKAN

Basu, A. 1976. Petrology of Holocene fluvial sand derived from plutonic source rocks: implications to paleoclimatic interpretation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 46(3): 694-709.

Basu, A., Young, S.W., Suttner, L.J., James, W.C. & Mack, G.H. 1975. Re-evaluation of the use of undulatory extinction and polycrystallinity in detrital quartz for provenance interpretation. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 45(4): 873-882.

Bosch, J.H.A. 1988. The quaternary deposits in the coastal plain of Peninsular Malaysia. Report No. QG/1 of 1988, Quaternary Geological Section, Geological Survey of Malaysia.

Darmody, R.G. 1985. Wethering assessment of quartz grains: A semi quantitative approach. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49: 1322-1324.

Douglas, L.A. & Platt, D.W. 1977. Surface morfology of quartz and age of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 41: 641-645.

Higgs, R. 1979. Quartz-grain surface features of Mesozoic- Cenozoic sands from the Labrador and Western Greenland continental pinggirs. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 49(2): 599-610.

Hill, P.R. & Nadeau, O.C. 1984. Grain-surface textures of Late Wisconsinan sands from the Canadian Beaufort shelf. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 54(4): 1349-1357.

Hodel, K.L., Reimnitz, E. & Barnes, P.W. 1988. Microtextures of quartz grains from modern terresterial and subaqueous environments, North Slope of Alaska. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 58(1): 24-32.

Horton, B.P., Gibbard, P.L., Milne, G.M., Morley, R.J., Purintavaragul, C. & Stargardt, J.M. 2005. Holocene sea levels and paleoenvironments, Malay-Thai Peninsula, Southeast Asia. The Holocene 15: 1199-1213.

Kasper-Zubillaga, J.J. 2009. Roundness in quartz frains from inland and coastal dune sands, Altar Desert, Sonora, Mexico. Buletin de La Sociedad Geologica Mexicana 61(1): 1-12.

Kravitz, J.H. 1976. Textural and mineralogical characteristics of the surficial sediments of Kane Basin. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 46(3): 710-725.

Krinsley, D.H. & Doornkamp, J.C. 1973. Atlas of Quartz Sand Surface Textures. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Marcelino, V. & Stoops, G. 1996. A wethering score for sandy soil materials based on the intensity of etching of quartz grains. European Journal of Soil Science 47: 7-12.

Margolis, S.V. & Krinsley, D.H. 1974. Processes of formation and environmental occurrence of microfeaures on detrital quartz grains. America Journal of Science 274: 449-464.

Margolis, S.V. & Krinsley, D.H. 1971. Submicroscopic frosting on aolian and subaqueous quartz sand grains. Bulletin of Geological Society of America 82: 3395-3406.

Schulz, M.S. & White, A.F. 1999. Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico III: quartz dissolution rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63(3/4): 337-350.

Suresh, G.M., Solai, A. & Chandrasekar, N. 2010. Light minerals, XRD and SEM studies in the depositional environments between Tuticorin and Thiruchendur, South East Coast of India, Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 1(2): 233-251.

Tjia, H.D. 1992. Holocene sea-level changes in the Malay-Thai Peninsula, A tectonically stable environment. Bulletin of Geological Society of Malaysia 31: 157-176.

Whalley, W.B. & Krinsley, D.H. 1974. A scanning electron microscope study of surface textures of quartz grains from glacial environments. Sedimentology 21: 87-105.

Young, S.W. 1976. Petrographic textures of detrital polycrystalline quartz as an aid to interpreting crystalline source rocks. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 46(3): 595-603.

 

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurulafifah.mradzir@yahoo.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sebelumnya