Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2887–2897

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-32

 

Potential of Membrane Technology for Treatment and Reuse of Water from Old Mining Lakes

(Potensi Teknologi Membran untuk Rawatan dan Penggunaan Semula Air dari Tasik Lombong Lama)

TEOW YEIT HAAN1,2*, ABDUL WAHAB MOHAMMAD1,2, SYAZAMAN RAMLI2, MOHD SHAIFUL SAJAB1,2  & NOORINI IZZATI MOHAMAD MAZUKI2

 

1Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

2Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 22 Mei 2018 /Diterima: 22 Julai 2018

 

ABSTRACT

The El-Nino phenomenon in early 2014 contributed to the lack of water supply in most Southeast Asian countries. Suggestions have since been made to ensure the continuity of water supply, one of which involves membrane technology to treat mine water so that it is compatible for citizens’ use. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to study the efficiency of membrane technology in treating mine water. Our elucidation of all the parameters has showed that the best attainable classification is at Class IV. Although it was still regarded as polluted, the treated mine water can be used as water supply reservoir. For the membranes tested such as ultrafiltration 10 kDa, 5 kDa and reverse osmosis, the percentage of rejection for chemical oxygen demand is 21-72%, 40-96% for total suspended solids and 21-72% for ammonia nitrogen. The pH also gradually shifted to almost neutral after the filtration.

 

Keywords: Heavy metal; mine water; membrane technology; water quality parameter; water reuse

 

ABSTRAK

Fenomenon cuaca El-Nino pada awal 2014 menyumbang kepada kekurangan bekalan air di kebanyakan negara di Asia Tenggara. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kecekapan teknologi membran untuk rawatan air lombong dengan membandingkan parameter kualiti air sebelum dan selepas penurasan berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI) seterusnya memberi cadangan reka bentuk loji rawatan air yang merawat air lombong dengan menggunakan teknologi membran. Semua parameter yang dikaji menunjukkan bahawa klasifikasi maksimum yang tercapai adalah Kelas IV. Berdasarkan WQI, walaupun semua air lombong dianggap tercemar tetapi ia masih dapat digunakan sebagai sumber air takungan. Nilai WQI yang berada dalam lingkungan 47-65 dikategorikan sebagai Kelas III dan IV. Untuk membran yang diuji seperti penurasan ultra 10 kDa, 5 kDa dan osmosis songsang, peratusan penolakan untuk permintaan oksigen kimia adalah 21-72%, 40-96% untuk jumlah pepejal terampai dan 21-72% untuk nitrogen ammonia. pH juga beransur-ansur berubah hampir ke neutral selepas proses penurasan dijalankan.

 

Kata kunci: Air lombong; logam berat; parameter kualiti air; penggunaan semula air; teknologi membran

RUJUKAN

Baird, R.B., Eaton, A.D. & Clesceri, L.S. 2012. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Location: American Water Works Association.

Bernal, M.P. & McGrath, S.P. 1994. Effects of pH and heavy metal concentrations in solution culture on the proton release, growth, and element composition of Alyssum murale and Raphanus sativus L. Plant and Soil 166: 83-92.

Brake Perry, F. 1998. Supplemental Guidance for the Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BODs) and Carbonaceous BOD (CBODs) in Water and Wastewater. Washington State Department of Ecology Environmental Assessment Program. Lab Accreditation Section. Publication No. 98-307.

Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE). 2008. Interim National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia. http://www. doe.gov.my/index.php?option=comContent&task=view&id =244&Itemid=615&lang=en. Accessed on August 19, 2015.

Department of Statistics Malaysia. 2014. Statistic at Selangor. https://www.statistics.gov.my. Accessed on June 8, 2015.

Field, R. 2010. Fundamentals of fouling, in membrane technology. In Membranes for Water Treatment, Volume 4, edited by Peinemann, K.V. & Nunes, S.P. Weinheim: Wiley- VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA.

GEA Filtration. 2010. Membrane Filtration Process. http://www. geafiltration.com/technology/technology.asp. Accessed on August 16, 2015.

Georgescu, D.P. & Anderi, L. 2000. Treatment of tailings water from uranium ore processing by reverse osmosis. Uranium 2000: International Symposium on the Process Metallurgy of Uranium 35(43): 9-15.

Hassan, W.F.W. & Purwanto, H.S. 2003. Analisis bendalir terkepung pada Telerang Kuarza, Kuala Lipis dan Lubok Mandi, Terengganu, Semenanjung Malaysia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 46: 359-363.

Hydranautics. 2001. Design Parameters Affecting Performance. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sourc e=web&cd=2&ved=0CCwQFjABahUKEwjgvfuAia3HAhVFC44KHarkARY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.membranes. com%2Fdocs%2Ftrc%2Fdesparam.pdf&ei=dzrQVaCmEsW WuASqyYewAQ&usg=AFQjCNHVoRdQBmMH3i5e2fG9JoioIQuWew&bvm=bv.99804247,d.c2E&cad=rja. Accessed on August 16, 2015.

 

Jabatan Alam Sekitar. 2010. Malaysia Environment Quality Report.

Kesieme, U.K. & Aral, H. 2015. Application of membrane distillation and solvent extraction for water and acid recovery from acidic mining waste and process solutions. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 3(3): 2050-2056.

Mullett, M., Fornarelli, R. & Ralph, D. 2014. Nanofiltration of mine water: Impact of feed pH and membrane charge on resource recovery and water discharge. Membranes 4(2): 163-180.

Nanda, D., Tung, K.L., Li, Y.L., Lin, N.J. & Chuang, C.J. 2010. Effect of pH on membrane morphology, fouling potential, and filtration performance of nanofiltration membrane for water softening. Journal of Membrane Science 349: 411-420.

Rozkowski, A. & Rozkowski, J. 1994. Impact of mine waters on river water quality in the upper Silesian Coal Basin. 5th International Mine Water Congress, Nottingham (U.K.). pp. 811- 821.

Sivakumar, M., Morton, S.G.S. & Singh, R.N. 1994. Case history analysis of mine water pollution in New South Wales, Australia. 5th International Mine Water Congress, Nottingham (U.K.). pp. 823- 834.

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara. 2013. Jumlah Penggunaan Air (2009-2010). http://www.span.gov.my.html. Accessed on 5 May 2015.

Wilmoth, R.C., Baugh, T.L. & Decker, D.W. 1978. Removal of selected trace elements from acid mine drainage using existing technology. 33rd Industrial Waste Conference. pp. 886-894.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yh_teow@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sebelumnya