Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1625–1634

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-01

 

Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi dalam Rawatan Air Sisa Kumbahan

(Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as Phytoremediation Agents in Sewage Wastewater Treatment)

 

MARLIA M. HANAFIAH*, NAN HAMIZA SYAZIRA MEGAT MOHAMAD & NUR IZZAH HAMNA ABD. AZIZ

 

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 14 September 2017/Diterima: 17 Mac 2018

 

 

ABSTRAK

Akumulasi logam berat dan bahan pencemar ke dalam ekosistem akuatik memberi impak negatif kepada alam sekitar dan organisma akuatik. Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes merupakan spesies yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang cepat dan berkemampuan dalam mengakumulasi logam berat dan menyerap nutrien menjadikan ia sesuai digunakan untuk merawat air sisa melalui kaedah bioteknologi iaitu fitoremediasi. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kualiti air sisa kumbahan sebelum dan selepas rawatan menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi. Selain itu, objektif kajian ini juga adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai agen fitoremediasi bagi rawatan air sisa. Sampel tumbuhan akuatik berbeza berat iaitu 10, 20 dan 30 g diuji untuk rawatan tersebut. Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan perbezaan kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen yang bererti (p<0.05) bagi 10, 20 dan 30 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sepanjang kajian dijalankan iaitu daripada hari 0 sehingga hari ke-7. Keputusan kajian juga menunjukkan 30 dan 20 g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta dapat menyingkirkan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen dengan lebih cepat berbanding berat tumbuhan 10 g. Ujian ANOVA satu hala juga tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang bererti bagi kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen antara Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta.

 

Kata kunci: Air sisa kumbahan; fitoremediasi;Pistia stratiotes; Salvinia molesta

 

ABSTRACT

Accumulation of heavy metals and other pollutants into aquatic ecosystem has negative impacts on the environment and aquatic organisms. Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes are both species that have a rapid growth rate and ability to accumulate heavy metals and absorb nutrients making these plants suitable to be used to treat wastewater through biotechnology method of phytoremediation. This study was conducted to determine the quality of sewage wastewater before and after treatment using phytoremediation. In addition, the objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as agents for the treatment of sewage wastewater. Samples with different aquatic plants with weight of 10, 20 and 30 g were tested for the treatment. One-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the rate of reduction of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen for 10, 20 and 30 g of Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta, from day 0 to day 7. The study also showed that the removal of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen using 30 and 20 g of Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta were more efficient compared to 10 g. One-way ANOVA test also showed no significant difference in the rate of reduction of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen between Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta.

 

Keywords: Phytoremediation; Pistia stratiotes; Salvinia molesta; sewage wastewater

RUJUKAN

 

Azahan, A., Jamaluddin, M.J. & Suhaily, M. 2001. Status dan pengurusan kualiti air Sungai Linggi. Dlm Environmental Management. Proceeding National Seminar on Environmental Management: Current Development & Future Planning.

Baharim, N.B., Yusop, Z., Yusoff, I., Tahir, W., Askari, M., Othman, Z. & Abidin, M.R.Z. 2016. The relationship between heavy metals and trophic properties in Sembrong Lake, Johor. Sains Malaysiana 45(1): 43-53.

Bakar, A.F.A., Barkawi, S.N.M., Hanafiah, M.M., Lee, K.E. & Halim, A.A. 2016. Penyingkiran ammonia dan logam berat daripada air sisa industri automotif menggunakan pasir terubah suai secara kimia. Sains Malaysiana 45(10): 1509-1516.

Chavan, B.L. & Dhulap, V.P. 2012. Treatment of sewage through phytotechnical studies with constructed wetland using Eichhornia crassipes. Journal of Environmental Research and Development 7(2): 660-666.

Din, H.M., Toriman, M.E., Mazlin, M., Rahmah, E., Aziz, N.A.A., Abdullah, N.M. & Kamarudin, M.K.A. 2012. Kepekatan beban bahan pencemar di alur ilmu kampus UKM Bangi: Kaedah min kepekatan peristiwa (Emc). The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 16(3): 353-365.

Dixit, A., Dixit, S. & Goswami, C. 2011. Process and plants for wastewater remediation: A review. Scientific Reviews and Chemical Communications 1(1): 71-77.

Elias, S.H., Mohamed, M., Nor-Anuar, A., Muda, K., Hassan, M., Othman, M. & Chelliapan, S. 2014. Water hyacinth bioremediation for ceramic industry wastewater treatment - Application of rhizofiltration system. Sains Malaysiana 43(9): 1397-1403.

Farnese, F.S., Oliveira, J.A., Lima, F.S., Leao, G.A., Gusman, G.S. & Silva, L.C. 2014. Evaluation of the potential of Pistia stratiotes L. (water lettuce) for bioindication and phytoremediation of aquatic environments contaminated with arsenic. Brazilian Journal of Biology 74(3): 103-112.

Gasim, M.B., Zakaria, N., Umar, R. & Mustafa, A.D. 2012. Analisis kualiti air fiziko-kimia dan kandungan mikrob di Hulu Sungai Langat, Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences 19(5): 1072-1083.

Halim, A.A., Hanafiah, M.M. & Khairi, A. 2017. Ammonia removal from sewage wastewater using chemically modified sand. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 15(3): 521-528.

Halim, A.A., Han, K.K. & Hanafiah, M.M. 2015. Removal of methylene blue from dye wastewater using river sand by adsorption. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 14(1): 89-94.

Khan, M.A., Marwat, K.B., Gul, B., Wahid, F., Khan, H. & Hashim, S. 2014. Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae): Phytochemistry, use in medicines, phytoremediation biogas and management options. Pakistan Journal Botany 46(3): 851-860.

Lemon, G.D. & Posluszny, U. 1997. Shoot morphology and organogenesis of the aquatic floating fern Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell, examined with the aid of laser scanning confocal microscopy. International Journal of Plant Sciences 158(6): 693-703.

Lu, Q. & Zhenli, L. 2010. Phytoremediation to remove nutrients and improve eutrophic stormwaters using water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). Environmental Science Pollution Research 17: 84-96.

Ma'arof, N. & Hua, A.K. 2015. Kualiti air Sungai UTM: Satu penilaian awal berpandukan enam parameter indeks kualiti air. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 11(1): 107-115.

Manan, F.A., Tsun-Thai, C., Samad, A.A. & Mamat, D.D. 2015. Evaluation of the phytoremediation potential of two medicinal plants. Sains Malaysiana 44(4): 503-509.

Meagher, R.B. 2000. Phytoremediation of toxic elemental and organic pollutants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 3: 153-162.

Ng, Y.S. & Chan, D.J.C. 2016. Wastewater phytoremediation by Salvinia molesta. Journal of Water Process Engineering 15: 107-115.

Odjegba, V.J. & Fasidi, I.O. 2004. Accumulation of trace elements by Pistia stratiotes: Implications of phytoremediation. Ecotoxicology 13: 637-646.

Rahman, M.A. & Hasegawa, H. 2011. Aquatic arsenic: Phytoremediation using floating macrophytes. Chemosphere 83(5): 633-646.

Shuger, G.J., Bauman, S.L., Drum, D.A. & Lauber, J. 2001. Environmental Field Testing and Analysis Ready Reference Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Subramaniam, D., Halim, A.A. & Hanafiah, M.M. 2016. Performance of electrochemical oxidation in treating textile industry wastewater by graphite electrode. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 15(3): 1021-1026.

Suhaimi, A.A. & Samah, M.A.A. 2013. Fitopemulihan merawat air kumbahan. Dewan Kosmik.

Suratman, A., Suhaimi, A. & Lo, T.T. 2005. Penilaian indeks kualiti air di Lembangan Sungai Ibai, Terengganu. Sains Malaysiana 34(2): 55-59.

Warrier, R.R. 2012. Phytoremediation for environmental clean up. Forestry Bulletin 12(2): 1-7.

Warrier, R.R. & Saroja, S. 2002. Phytoremediation: A remedy to environmental problems in urban areas. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection 22(2): 225-228.

 

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mhmarlia@ukm.edu.my