Sains Malaysiana 48(1)(2019): 33–43

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4801-05

Keperluan Peta Kerentanan Bencana sebagai Input dalam Pengurusan Guna Tanah: Kajian Kes Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(The Needs of Disaster Susceptibility Map as an Input in Land Use Management: A Case Study of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

NURFASHAREENA MUHAMAD, CHOUN-SIAN LIM, MOHAMMAD IMAM HASAN REZA &

JOY JACQUELINE PEREIRA*

Pusat Kajian Bencana Asia Tenggara (SEADPRI-UKM), Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 14 Februari 2018/Diterima: 1 September 2018

ABSTRAK

Limpahan pesat aktiviti tepu bina di UKM Bangi untuk memenuhi kehendak dan juga keperluan warganya menjadikan ia setara fungsi satu pekan kecil. Di samping pembangunan yang pesat, UKM turut mengalami insiden kegagalan cerun, tanah runtuh dan banjir kecil di beberapa kawasan dalam kampus. Kajian ini direka untuk menyepadukan maklumat pelbagai dimensi untuk menyokong membuat keputusan dalam pengurusan guna tanah untuk menangani isu bencana di kampus ini. Objektif kajian adalah untuk: mengenal pasti maklumat pelbagai dimensi yang menyumbang kepada bencana di UKM dan membangunkan satu peta kerentanan tanah runtuh dan banjir untuk menyokong dalam membuat keputusan secara termaklum. Melalui pendekatan heuristik, tiga kaedah utama telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan peta kerentanan tanah runtuh dan banjir iaitu: analisis kandungan untuk mengenal pasti kriteria yang menyumbang kepada tanah runtuh dan banjir; elisitasi pakar untuk memberi nilai pemberat terhadap kriteria; dan analisis tindan-lapis untuk memproses dan menjana peta tematik. Kriteria yang menyumbang kepada tanah runtuh dan banjir dikategorikan kepada faktor hujan, topografi, struktur geologi dan ciri-ciri geomorfologi yang seterusnya diberi nilai pemberat. Peta kerentanan tanah runtuh yang terhasil menunjukkan kelas kerentanan tinggi merupakan kelas terbesar di UKM dengan keluasan sebanyak 6.10 km2 bersamaan 51.91% daripada jumlah keluasan asal kampus. Analisis terhadap lokasi insiden lepas mendapati kesemua taburan tanah runtuh berlaku pada kelas kerentanan sederhana, tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Hampir separuh daripada jumlah taburan tanah runtuh berlaku pada kelas kerentanan tinggi iaitu 57.14% yang merupakan peratusan terbesar. Peta kerentanan banjir menunjukkan UKM turut terdedah kepada banjir. Majoriti kawasan kampus didominasi oleh kelas kerentanan sederhana dengan keluasan sebanyak 6.5 km2 kira-kira hampir 56% daripada keluasan asal. Aset penting universiti dan laluan utama kampus ini yang bersebelahan dengan saliran sungai terletak di dalam kawasan berkerentanan tinggi. Situasi ini agak membimbangkan kerana terdapat infrastruktur penting di sekitar kawasan ini. Input berguna yang diperoleh melalui kajian ini telah menunjukkan keupayaan peta kerentanan tanah runtuh dan banjir sebagai medium yang bermaklumat dalam perancangan guna tanah sebelum menjalankan sebarang aktiviti pembangunan di sesuatu kawasan.

Kata kunci: GIS; guna tanah; peta kerentanan bencana; UKM

ABSTRACT

The rapid overflow of built-up activities in UKM to meet the needs of the campus deems it a small town. In conjunction with this rapid development, UKM has experienced slope failures, landslides and small inundation in several areas within the campus. This study is designed to integrate multi-dimensional information to support decision-making in land use management to address disaster issues in this campus. The objectives were to: identify the various dimensions of information that contributed to disasters in UKM; and develop a landslide and flood susceptibility map to support informed decision-making. The study employed a heuristic approach and three main methods including: content analysis to identify criteria that contribute to landslides and floods; expert elicitation to provide weightage; and overlay analysis to produce thematic maps. Criteria that contribute to landslides and floods are categorized into precipitation, topography, geological structure and geomorphological characteristics that are weighted according to expert input. Landslide susceptibility map shows high susceptibility class is the largest at 6.10 km2 equivalent to 51.91% of the total area of campus. Analysis of past incidences found that all landslides occurred in medium, high and very high susceptibility classes. About half of the total landslides amounting to 57.14% are located in high susceptibility classes and this represents the largest percentage. Flood susceptibility map indicates that UKM is also exposed to flooding. The moderate susceptibility class dominates the campus at 6.5 km², which is about 56% of the total area. The university’s asset and the main route of this campus, which is adjacent to a river is located within the high susceptibility area. The situation is quite alarming as important infrastructure is located within this area. The findings reflect the capability of landslide and flood susceptibility maps as an informative medium in land use planning before executing any development activities in a particular area.

Keywords: Disaster susceptibility map; GIS; land use; UKM

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: joy@ukm.edu.my