Sains Malaysiana 51(1)(2022): 261-269

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5101-21

Distribution Serovar and Risk Factors on the Incidence of Canine Leptospirosis after Flood in Jakarta, Indonesia

(Taburan Serovar dan Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Leptospirosis Anjing Selepas Banjir di Jakarta, Indonesia)

AMBAR RETNOWATI¹, AGUSTIN INDRAWATI²*, UPIK KESUMAWATI HADI², SAFIKA² & SUSAN M NOOR³

¹Veterinary Public Health Study Program, IPB University, Indonesia

²Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, IPB University, Indonesia

³Veterinary Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 10 November 2020/Diterima: 19 April 2021

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, which has become a serious problem, especially in areas with high rainfall. Massive leptospirosis occurs after heavy rains or floods. This study aims to analyze the types and distribution of leptospira bacteria serovars and risk factors for leptospirosis in post-flood dogs. The research was conducted from January to March 2020 at the Ragunan Animal Hospital and independent clinics in Jakarta, Bekasi, Depok and South Tangerang. This study used a cross-sectional study of serum samples from 24 dogs suspected of leptospirosis. Diagnostic techniques are based on questionnaires and clinical symptom evaluation, physical examination and biochemical analysis, serum and hematology, and the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) test. The sample criteria were dogs with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, azotemia with Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and high keratin. The sample then tested the MAT. Measurement of risk factors in the form of variable questionnaires with laboratory test results using the Chi-square test. Leptospira serovars were identified as bataviae (9 samples), icterohaemorrhagiae (6 samples), tarassovi (4 samples) and javanica (2 samples). The distribution of leptopsira serovars in the study area is quite diverse. Risk factors that increase the incidence of leptospirosis in dogs are the maintenance system (OR 17.50), history of contact with rats (OR 9.625), flood-affected areas (OR 3.50) and drinking water sources (OR 1.643). Floods can be a medium for transmitting leptospira bacteria to dogs. Risk factors such as rearing systems, poor sanitation and a history of contact with rats can increase the incidence of leptospirosis in dogs in areas with high rain intensity. The role of dog owners is needed in preventing the incidence of leptospirosis in dogs.

Keywords: Dog; flood; leptospirosis; microscopic aglutination test; serovar

ABSTRAK

Leptospirosis adalah zoonosis yang telah menjadi masalah serius, terutama di daerah dengan curahan hujan yang tinggi. Leptospirosis berlaku secara besar-besaran selepas hujan lebat atau banjir. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis dan taburan serovar bakteria leptospira dan faktor risiko untuk leptospirosis pada anjing pasca banjir. Penyelidikan dilakukan dari Januari hingga Mac 2020 di Rumah Sakit Hewan Ragunan dan klinik bebas di Jakarta, Bekasi, Depok dan Tangerang Selatan. Kajian ini menggunakan kajian keratan rentas sampel serum daripada 24 anjing yang disyaki leptospirosis. Teknik diagnostik didasarkan pada soal selidik dan penilaian gejala klinikal, pemeriksaan fizikal dan analisis biokimia, serum dan hematologi serta ujian mikroskopi penggabungan (MAT). Kriteria sampel adalah anjing dengan leukositosis, trombositopenia, azotemia dengan darah nitrogen urea (BUN) dan keratin tinggi. Sampel kemudian diuji dengan MAT. Pengukuran faktor risiko dalam bentuk soal selidik berubah-ubah dengan hasil ujian makmal menggunakan uji khi kuasa dua. Serovar Leptospira dikenal pasti sebagai bataviae (9 sampel), icterohaemorrhagiae (6 sampel), tarassovi (4 sampel) dan javanica (2 sampel). Taburan serovar leptopsira di kawasan kajian agak pelbagai. Faktor risiko yang meningkatkan kejadian leptospirosis pada anjing adalah sistem pemeliharaan (OR 17.50), sejarah hubungan dengan tikus (OR9.625), kawasan yang dilanda banjir (OR3.50) dan sumber air minum (OR1.643). Banjir boleh menjadi medium penyebaran bakteria leptospira kepada anjing. Faktor risiko seperti sistem pemeliharaan, sanitasi yang buruk dan sejarah sentuhan dengan tikus dapat meningkatkan kejadian leptospirosis pada anjing di kawasan yang mempunyai keamatan hujan tinggi. Peranan pemilik anjing sangat diperlukan dalam mencegah kejadian leptospirosis pada anjing.

Kata kunci: Anjing; banjir; leptospirosis; ujian mikroskopi penggabungan; serovar

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: indraseta@apps.ipb.ac.id